Study On The Effect Of Water And Fertilizer Coupling On Tomato Cultivated With Subtrate In Greenhouse

The substrate culture of tomato can conquer the barriers the dangers of continuouscropping obstacle to plant and improve the quality of tomatoes, meanwhile, it also can reducethe cost of soilless culture. This experiment used agricultural organic waste mixing intodifferent substrate formula, and then selected the optimum formula through tomato seedtesting; In order to provide a theoretical basis for the high-efficient production of tomato, thetest researched the relations of water and fertilizer with the growth of tomato cultivated byorganic substrate in bag.(1) Selected substrate formula by the test of tomato seedling: Spent mushroom compost,cow dung and perlite were composed to five kinds of compound substrate, takinginternationally best formula substrate (peat: perlite=2:1) as CK and tomato cv. Jinpeng No.1as the test plant, the physical and chemical characteristics of compound substrate and growthof tomato seedling were investigated and the physical and chemical characteristics ofsubstrate and seedling index of tomato was carried out path analysis and multiple regressionanalysis, moreover, we optimized the formula that was preliminary screened by test. Thisstudy indicated that the morphological trait, dry matter, root-shoot ratio and seedling index ofY1are significantly higher than ck and preliminary optimum formula; the main factors ofaffecting the seedling index of tomato seedling were bulk density, total porosity, aerationporosity and water holding capacity, the direct path coefficient of aeration porosity on tomatoseedling is2.2992, and influence of other factors on seedling index was negative, therefore,the effect of grow seedling is more better by increasing aeration porosity of compoundsubstrate and decreasing bulk density, total porosity and water holding capacity, in order toachieve this purpose we can increase the dosage of cow dung and decrease the dosage ofmushroom compost in this study.(2)The effect of coupling of water and fertilizer on tomato cultivated by organic substrate in bag: Tomato ‘Jinpeng1’ was used to investigate the effects of water and fertilizercoupling on growth, quality, yield, water use efficiency and nutrient absorption of tomatocultivated by organic substrate in bag, meanwhile, analyzed the cost and profit of differenttreatments.①In the whole period of tomato growth, the substrate pH increased gradually with thegrowth stage elongation, but the EC value is gradually reduced;②The plant height and stem diameter of all treatments added with the increasing ofwater under the same fertilizer levels; under the same water condition, the plant height andstem diameter of all treatments showed a trend of first increase and then decline in with theincreasing of fertilizer; the effects of fertilizer, water on plant height and stem diameter oftomato were very significant, but their interactions has no significant influence;③The Pn, Gs, Ci and Tr of leaf of all treatments added with the increasing of waterunder the same fertilizer levels; under the same water condition, the Pn, Gs, Ci and Tr of alltreatments showed a trend of first increase and then decline in with the increasing offertilizer;④The content of NO-3-N and soluble protein in tomato fruits added with the increasingof fertilize under the same irrigation levels, but the content of Vc, Lycopene and soluble sugarshowed a trend of first increase and then decline in; under the same fertility condition, thecontent of NO-3-N, Vc, soluble protein and soluble sugar gradually reduced with theimprovement of substrate moisture, and that Lycopene content of AW level was the highest;the effects of fertilizer, water and their interactions on yield of tomato were very significant,and the orders of the factors were water, fertilizer, their interactions in turn; the effects offertilizer and water on water use efficiency were highly significant, while their interactionshas no significant influence on water use efficiency of tomato;⑤The net income of HFHW was highest and has no significant differences with AFAW,HFAW and AFHW, while the net income of LFLW was substantially below others;⑥The amount of NPK uptake and distribution rate of NPK in different organs decreasesin order of leaves, stems and roots at its seedling stage, the orders in flowering stage wereleaves, stems, roots and fruits in turn, while the orders manifest as fruits, leaves, stems, rootsin turn at fruit bearing and mature stage; the amount of NPK uptake and distribution rate ofNPK in different organs didn’t follow any obvious regular patterns with the change of waterand fertilizer levels; the capacity that roots absorbed and transfer nutrition can’ t satisfy theneed of plant growth at fruit bearing stage, so as to the nutrition accumulated in root, stemand fruit in early transfered to fruit; the using efficiency of NPK added with the increasing ofwater under the same fertilizer levels; under the same water condition, the using efficiency of NPK showed a trend of first increase and then decline in with the increasing of fertilizer; Theamount of nutrient uptake, the ratio of nutrient distribution in fruit, and fertilizer usingefficiency of AFAW, AFHW, HFAW, HFHW were superior to other treatments;Considering the quality, yield, water use efficiency, conserving resources and sustainableproduction, the AFAW was the optimal choice without degrading much of quality, net incomeand fertilizer using efficiency of tomato.