Rye Chromosome Attached To The Apparent Genetic Influence On The Wheat Genome

Rye contents many excellent genes to improve wheat genetic background and qualities.It is an effective method to creat wheat-rye addition line to use the valuable genes of rye because monosomic addition lines are improtent genetic resources.The variations of genetic and epigenetic after alien elite genes introduced into cultivated wheat were detected in this study.Two sets of wheat-rye addition lines were detected by EST-SSR(expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat),AFLP(amplified fragment length polymorphism) and MSAP(methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism) markers in this study. We got some significative results.1.The EST-SSR makers was used to explore the variations of genetic in Set A.We found that there were a certain amount of genome variations between monosomic addition lines and parental wheat. Two kinds of changes were obtained in coding sequences that some sequences eliminated from parental wheat or some additional sequences were obteined in addition lines. But the proportion of sequences elimination is greater than the gain of additional sequences.And the effection is difference between different chromatids of rye.2.To gain more information about the variation of wheat genome in addition line,AFLP makers were used.We have similar results as in EST-SSR analysis that sequences elimination was the principal variation in wheat genome and different chromatids of rye have different effection in Set A.This conclusion was verified by Set B.3.The variations of epigenetic especially genomic DNA methylation after alien elite genes introduced into wheat were detected by MSAP. Two kinds of isoschizomers was used to detect the DNA methylation rate in Set A and Set B.It shown that there were a large number of viarations between addition line and wheat parental in DNA methylation rate include full methylation and semi-methylation rate.This means DNA methylation changs were caused by elite genes introduced into wheat.The variations included domethylation and re-methylation.4.Methylation variation includes not only the variation of methylation levels but also methylation patterns. MSAP technique also provides us with a large number of the variations of methylation patterns.These changes were mainly grouped into three categories:hypermethylation,demethylation and uncertain site.And each type had different patterns. The most important was hypermethylation.5.The sequence detected by EST-SSR,AFLP and MSAP were sequenced.Some of specific sites were analysised in NCBI with BLAST.We found that most of them were transposons and retrotransposons,and some were protein-coding genes.Obviously,the gene expressions were changes when the external source presence.Thereby the characters changed.