The Variations Of Genome And DNA Methylation From Wheat-rye Monosomic Addition Lines And Descendants

Wheat is one of the most important food crops, however, due to the long-term breeding, the genetic diversity loosed gradually, the disease resistance weakened. Wild relatives of wheat contain a great number of valuable genes in wheat improvement. Therefore, it is important to import some valuable genes from related species into wheat to broaden the genetic basic of wheat. Rye, as wheat allied species, containing many excellent genes as resistant genes and soon on, is one of the earliest and most successful species used in wheat breeding. At present, distant hybridization is the important way to introduce the good genes into cultivated wheat, and which is also useful for the study on improving crop varieties. Wheat-rye addition line is important genetic resources and an effective tool of chromosome translocation, playing a key role just as a bridge. In this study, in order to detect the variations of genetic and epigenetic after elite genes imported into cultivated wheat, wheat-rye additional of 2R and 6R, we use AFLP (amplifiled fragment length polymorphism) and MSAP (methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism) molecular techniques. The wheat-rye addition line plays a key role in this process just as a bridge. Hence, in this paper, we focus on the chromosome behavior changes in the wheat X rye addition line plants.To explore the variations of genetic, using the AFLP markers, detecting monomer additional lines and descendant, we found two kinds of changes in monomer additional lines and descendant compare to wheat(MY11), two kinds of changes in descendant compare to monomer additional lines, including some sequences eliminated and some sequences added. Through the analysis of data, the proportion of eliminated sequences is greater than added sequences. With BLAST in NCBI, analysing some specific sites, we found that most of them were transposons and retrotransposons.To explore the variations of epigenetic especially genomic DNA methylation, we use the MSAP markers to detect monomer additional lines and descendant. MSAP, using two kinds of isoschizomers, is a useful method to detect the DNA methylation rate. It shown that there were a lot of variations in monomer additional lines and descendant compare to wheat (MY11) in DNA methylation included full methylation and semi-methylation. MSAP markers, using two kinds of isoschizomers, shows the variation of methylation levels but also methylation patterns, groped into three categories:hypermethylation, demethylation and uncertain site. Through the analysis of data, hypermethylation is the most important.With BLAST in NCBI, analysing some specific sites, we found that most of them were transposons and retrotransposons and some were protein-coding genes.