The Study Of Elderly People's Social Security During The Period Of The National Government

During the ruling of national government of the KMT, the current political situation was turmoil and the social order went in chaos. However, the Social old-age insurance, which was called"safety net"or"stabilizator"played a certain role in maintaining the social stability.The theoretic foundation of providing for the aged then was originated from the charitable endowment in Chinese tradition and its concept in modern Chinese people, as well as the influence of charitable thoughts in western countries. The organizations of Social old-age insurance were characterized with its diversity which combined mutual aids by"bringing up sons to support parents in their old age"made family as a unit, informal and formal organizations run by local people with relatively formal organizations of government aid. Before the 20th century, the action of charitable aid, however, had been based on the individual's benevolence. With continuous natural or human's disasters, the single benevolence couldn't adopt to the need of the reality. The national government, by taking"paying equal attention to teaching and raising"as the guiding ideology, started the mechanism of social security with the improvement of its content from junior social aid, social insurance to senior social welfare and indemnity.However, the whole national government, for the limitation of national power, couldn't set up the special old-age care institutions, which only generally brought it to the system of civil salvation that took a certain safe guard measure according to different social groups. Social aid applied to the old in"Big Rear Area"during the anti-Japanese War, social insurance to rickshaw pullers in Shanghai and salt porters in North Sichuan, and social welfare and indemnity the stuff in schools public servants and soldiers.The Ant-Japanese War is a special history in national government of KMT, in which Chongqing was the miniature of the"Big Rear Area". This paper, by taking Chongqing as an example, is to demonstrate the following: The government, which took"paying equal attention to teaching and raising"as its principle, implemented this measure with two levels as its goals: to solve elderly people's food and shelters as the first level and the basic goal, and to strengthen the national consciousness and consolidate their belief of the war as a senior one; The establishment of relief goals strengthened the cultivation and improvement of mechanism, for example, the branches of Chongqing Asylum, including the department of the elderly, the disabled people, the apprenticeship and the smoking cessation, and other temporary sheltering institutions conducted the business of helping the elderly. The achievement to a certain degree of social guarantee took an active part in the stability of the"Big Rear Area".By studying the policy and measures in social security in National government of KMT and its achievements and inefficiency, this paper is also to provide the reference for the construction of Present-day's Chinese security systems.