Reflection On Construction By Equality Principle For Voting Rights

Election is the source of democracy, whereas a right to vote is the cornerstone of civil and political right. It is the base of all the democratic rights. Equality is one of the main principles of the voting right. This can be seen as protection of the citizen's right to vote at least at an institutional level and as historical turning point to promote the political democracy. From historical point of view, the degree of realization of our citizen's right to vote and the national political democratization are in line with the modernization process which reflecting the continuous changes in the electoral law of our country. In the three meetings of 11th National People's Congress meetings, our "Electoral Law" has been revised for 5 times where the core change is the implementation of deputies elected by the same population proportion from urban and rural areas. Some scholars believe that even without fundamental reformation of the existing political system, the deputies elected by the same population proportion from urban and rural areas is also a significant move. The attempt is in accordance with the constitutional principle of equality in voting rights, representing the development trend of China's constitutional construction. But in the China's reality context, over-optimistic of those system reformation for urban and rural areas "with the same voting rights" should be avoided. In comparison with the bit by bit improvement of the electoral system, perhaps it is more crucial of how to truly respect the design of the existing electoral system and make it run on the track of democracy. While our farmers voting rights have gone through the gradual process of "same vote different right" to "same vote same right", but there are still many obstacles in effectively realize the equality voting right for farmers. In the progress of realization the value goals for " deputies elected by the same population proportion from urban and rural areas", the obstacles that we are facing in reality includes unequal constituency boundary, low representatives of farmers, the right of freedom to relocate causes conflict with the right to vote which prevented the farmer truly enjoy his/her equality of voting right. The next national election of county and township People's Congress deputies will begin soon. How can we really implement the"deputies elected by the same population proportion from urban and rural areas"; and how can we make the majority of farmers, including migrant workers better aware of their democratic rights and how to exercise their democratic rights? This is an urgent issue that needed to be resolved. This article will base on the point of view of People's Congress electoral votes proportional to urban and rural population, to reflect the construction of the system for equality of voting rights principle in particularly the voting right of our farmers; Discuss the realization of equal voting right system reformation issues; Propose the principle of implementation of a flexible constituency boundary; Reform the household registration management system; Propose a balanced representative structure in order to increase the farmer representation. Protection of the farmer's right to speak in the authority effectively in order to ensure the equal voting rights of farmers can be achieved effectively, that is, to realize the value goal of "People's Congress elected by the same population proportion from rural and urban areas".