Industrialization And Urbanization In The Guangdong Urban And Rural Employment Research

Industrialization and urbanization accelerate the development ofeconomics. First, the sectors of economy will be driven to make progressand to enhance their productivity. This process will also optimizeindustrial and employment structures constantly. Second, the surplusrural labor will be drawn on to move to city. The process of transferringwill promote their human capital, enhance their competition of employmentand change their mode of production and life style to citizens' mode.Third, the agricultural industrialization reformation will be come true.This process will strengthen peasants' ability of studying new things,urge agriculture to become intensive pattern and mechanization, and raisethe agricultural productivity.With the development of the reform, Guangdong Province turns into themiddle stage of industrialization. The adjustment of industrial structureturn to further and deeper, the industrial layout and the industrialstructure gradually turn to be optimization. The level of urbanizationturns to attain 55.0％, which is close to the level of the middlingdeveloped country. But the drawback of dual supervision, which is causedby the planned economy, still exists in different areas and differentdegrees. Dual institution makes the investment of human capital to beduality. The development of industrialization and urbanization don'tshorten the difference between city and village, widen it instead. Withthe shift of the surplus rural labor accelerating, labor market alsobecomes duality. It is divided into primary labor market mainly by cityresidents and secondary labor market mainly by peasant-workers. Twomarkets include markedly differences in work sections, occupation layers,wage and welfare. Because of lacking enough professional knowledge andcompetence, the fluxion of village labor is restricted, and rural labors mostly engage in manual works.As the most active factor of production, improving the laborer's qualitymeans the labor could perfectly get a grip on new knowledge and technique,and actively processing technological innovation which could advanceeconomy. With technology content in economy increasing, human capital ofoneself own will make a decision of transfer, employment, career andincome. Actually, the level of village labor's general education andtechnique ability is not high that is hardly gearedto the adjustment andupgrading of industrial structure, and that must cause them be at adisadvantageous position in the labor market more. When village labormigrate to city, mostly of them pick manual work which has narrowemployment scope, low income and lacking social security. Therefore, thekey of resolve this problem need to increase capital input in ruraleducation, strengthen their employment competition, so that the rightsof people to move and choose jobs freely can be guaranteed and theredistribution of human resources between cities and countryside andamong various regions can be realized.Speeding the shift of rural labor and the institutional innovation shouldbe made to set up a unified, open, competitive and orderly labor market.Making use of market mechanism to rationalize the distribution of laborresources and to guarantee the equal rights of rural population becomethe crucial elements of sustainable development strategy in GuangdongProvince. From institutional and economical viewpoints, this thesisanalyzes the employment condition of citizens and peasants in GuangdongProvince, and makes a proposal or suggestion.