The Choice Of Rural Labor Migration Model:Theory,Reality And Empirical Evidence

China's urbanization process strongly supports the entire social and economic development and avoids a series of social problems such as slums,unemployment and poverty in other developing countries,but at the same time,many problems still exist.Among them,the process of urbanization of migrant workers has slowly become The key bottleneck restricting the continuous progress of urbanization at this stage.Specific to China's rural labor force migration of rural areas,and mature countries in the rural labor force "industrial workers" trend is different from China's rural surplus labor force to the city and the transfer of the industrial sector has a significant "rootless",which showed in urban and rural areas Repeated flow of "migratory birds employment." Precisely because of this,the shift of rural labor from liquidity to integrated change has become the key path to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas,raise the level of rural labor force welfare,further stimulate the development of service industry and deepen the process of urbanization through "citizenization" of peasants.It is with this understanding that the paper analyzes the specific influence and path of human capital stock and institutional constraints in rural labor migration decision-making by means of mathematical analysis tools and econometric models,and then answers two key questions: the existing How Does System Constraints Binary Structure Influence Rural Labor Migration? The accumulation of rural labor force human capital and can effectively crack the system constraints so as to achieve the integration of rural labor migration and citizenization?First of all,based on the decomposition of the four-point system of "system,market,survival and development",this paper uses three census data to examine the characteristics of labor migration in our country under the special institutional arrangements.The results show that the rural labor force in China Migration is a process of self-selection of migrants under formal and informal institutional arrangements and shows a gradual shift towards market-oriented state-controlled migration and a gradual shift from subsistence-based migration to developmental migration,in which human capital is migrated The Migration Motivation and Choice of Migration Mode.Under the dual economic structure,rural laborers or rural migrants in the rural sector and urban sector have different migration decisions.In the urban dual labor market,however,rural migrants decide whether to "move" or "integrate in" Whether to enter the urban labor market.Next,this paper analyzes the influence of human capital on the selection of rural labor migration mode and its specific path of action in a bi-rural rural-urban migration model of human capital.At the same time,it examines the role of human capital in the interaction of human capital among different groups Showing the "demonstration effect" and "follow-up effect." From the conclusion,the level of human capital in the urban labor market is the signal of the discrimination of rural migrants,and the migrants with higher educational level of human capital can directly become integrated migrants;while the rural migrants with low level of human capital can only Enter the urban secondary labor market,become a migrant migrant,and constitute the mainstay of rural migrants.At the same time,migrant workers with higher-level human capital have an impact on the migration of rural labors in two ways.First,they obtain the demonstration effect of stable urban work on the rural laborers who are willing to relocate,and encourage more rural laborers to accept A higher level of education to improve the initial human capital level of migrant migrants into the city and increase the probability of urban work;second,to provide material and accumulate human capital to migrant migrants,that is,the external influence of migration,The greater this effect is,the greater the probability of migrant migrants becoming integrated migrants.At the same time,rural migrants will make decisions to return to rural areas when they become aware of the inability to accumulate the human capital required for urban average job skills.In this process,the migrant workers who remain in the city will be rural laborers with strong learning ability and high level of human capital.In addition,human capital also requires rural labor to accumulate human capital through the integration of migrant workers into their job skills.On the one hand,a part of migrant migrants have accumulated human capital required for urban job skills into the labor market at the city level and become integrated migrants.On the other hand,more rural laborers will continue to gain access to higher-level human capital Move to the city.As long as the labor migration system continues to identify the labor force from rural areas at the level of human capital,the overall level of human capital in rural areas will continue to increase,and the labor force with a higher level of human capital will continue to migrate to the cities.The large-scale rural labor migration in our country is the result of continuous promotion of raising the overall human capital level of rural residents under the formal institutional arrangements.Furthermore,based on the migration decision-making of rural labor force,whether the rural sector is going out or left behind and the mobility or integration after the migration occurs,this paper examines the impact of institutional constraints and human capital stock on the migration decision-making in different stages.Based on the first stage of macro data(left or out)Migration decision model results show that the proportion of high school and middle school education as a measure of human capital is the main factor affecting migration,human capital has significantly contributed to the rural labor migration decision-making took place At the same time,institutional constraints did significantly affect the decision-making of rural labor migration and negatively correlated with the probability of rural migrant workers going out to work.This further verifies that the rural labor force migration proposed in the previous article is a kind of self-selection based on the level of human capital under the established system.Metrological tests based on microcosmic data from CRCE also confirm the central role of human capital in rural labor migration decisions,especially in choice-choice decisions on going out and staying behind.The outflow of rural labor is precisely the rational decision-making based on the cognition of human capital level.There are two kinds of mechanisms for this kind of decision-making.First,when the recognition of human capital level is high,it will lead to the increase of the expected income of migrant workers,And then enlarge the difference between the expected income and the current income to drive the decision to go out.Second,when the self-awareness of human capital is low,the existence of cities that provide better skills training and human capital accumulation for non-agricultural work also exists Out-going decisions based on upgrading human capital levels.Based on the analysis of labor migration decision in the first stage,based on the analysis of employment migration stability evaluation,this paper examines the human capital through employment stability indicators and the degree of discrimination in the employment market due to institutional constraints.The second phase of labor migration decision-making(integration or mobility)impact.The estimation results show that labor market discrimination and market segmentation formed by the existence of human capital stock and institutional constraints can indeed explain the employment stability of rural labor force significantly.However,the difference in employment stability between urban workers and rural labor force is the result of differences in stock of human capital and employment discrimination.Although this kind of employment discrimination shows a trend of gradual weakening to a certain degree,it is more reflected in the stable job opportunities Get on.Further more,the decomposing result of the wage equation confirms that there is also a significant difference in the wage level between urban workers and rural labor force.This difference is also the result of wage discrimination and human capital differences under the market segmentation.Although the empirical results show that the gap between human capital is the main reason for the wage gap between migrant workers and urban workers,the composition of market segmentation has dropped significantly.At the same time,urban labor market discrimination against migrant workers' wages is caused by wage discrimination in stable employment and no longer exists in highly competitive and unsteady employment.However,there are obvious differences between the jobs of migrant workers and those of urban employees.The segregation of such jobs leads to the wage gap between migrant workers and urban workers.Therefore,the role of public policy lies in further breaking down the occupational barriers caused by identity and enabling migrant workers with higher capabilities to enter higher-level positions.Finally,the paper puts forward some policy suggestions on accelerating the reform of the household registration system in urban and rural areas,reducing the urban integration cost of migrating rural labor force,establishing targeted government education and training of rural labor force,and improving educational equity.The innovation of this paper is reflected in:(1)Using a rural-urban migration model with two endogenous human capital endogenously,based on a mathematical-analysis framework to examine the impact of human capital on the selection of rural labor migration modes under institutional constraints,and at the same time verifying the migrant workers Demonstration and catch-up effects of human capital in groups;(2)Empirical analysis of the impact mechanism of rural migration labor-based integration decision-making based on the perspective of employment stability,thereby providing a relatively clear picture on the premise that integration-type decision-making factors are difficult to capture.Empirical analysis;(3)From the macro and micro perspectives,an empirical analysis of migrant labor decisions in rural areas was conducted,which made it possible to examine the impact of changes in institutional changes and institutional constraints on rural labor migration decisions.