After The Founding Of China's Agricultural Land System Problem Research

Rural land institution is an important part of rural economic systems, and its reform directly affects the development of rural economy and the stability of society. From ancient times, China has always been agricultural country and the contradiction between the people and rural land has always been the most prominent conflict in China's rural economy. Since 1949, China has gone through a system transition with characteristics and has undergone four rural land system reforms; fanners ownership land system, team ownership land system and present family contract responsibility land system which is based on the land ownership and operation power, This kind of system arrangement enormously liberated the countryside productivity forces, aroused fanner's production enthusiasm, promoted the development of agriculture. However, the household responsibility system reform does not mean the end of the rural land system transition. The establishment and functioning of any institution needs corresponding specific institutional environment. When the environment changes, the institution will show a certain degree of lag, and need adjustments to adapt to the changed environment. Along with the further deepening countryside reform, further development of the market economy, the household responsibility system causes some malpractices, such as the unclear property right main body, the incomplete property right, the instability of the peasant household contracts operating right and so on. Thereupon each place acts according to their own economical development condition and the natural resource situation, created the diverse agricultural management system pattern. Although each institutional innovation of every place has achieved certain results, the arrange of institution still shows the regional features closed related local natural resource which does not have universal applicability. So to really resolve the agriculture, rural areas and farmers in social and economic development of many problems fundamentally, we should change the existing farmland institution.This thesis takes the new institutional economic and the property right theory as a tool, analyzes the major viewpoints about changes of our country farmland institution, the practice innovations and the current reforms, proposes that farmland Institution reform mentality should be " nationalizing the land, giving farmers the permanent tenancy rights". This thesis has four chapters except introduction and epilogue. The first chapter is the theory of institutional changes, mainly about the general theory of the institution and the rural land institution, which states the basic theory of the farmland institution changes and economic growth, provides a theoretical framework for the thesis's analyzes; The second chapter based on the analysis of the history and current situation of China's farmland institutions, review of history of china's farmland institution changes since 1949, summarizations experiences and lessons of successive changes, provides an important reference for the current farmland institution reform. Simultaneously it analyzes the innovative model of the farmland institution in recent years -" the two fields systems", "the large-scale management"," land joint-stock cooperative system", "The 'four uncultivated land' right to use auction", and points out their defects and shortcomings; The third chapter is the international comparison of rural land institution changes, by analyzing the reform experience of different nations agriculture system, It summarizes some scientific rules and the beneficial lesson, and carries on a comparison with china's present situation of farmland institution; The fourth chapter discusses the direction of china's farmland institution reform. After analyzing several viewpoints of farmland possession institution, the author proposes that the farmland institution should be "nationalizing the land, giving farmers the permanent tenancy rights", and proposed the next step of China's farmland reform of the overall institution ideas. At the same time, the thesis points out that the farmland institution reform is a system project, which needs a series of coordinated reforms to support it, so the farmland institution reform can be carried out smoothly.