Privatization And Management System Of Tourist Attractions

Over the 30 years since the implementation of reform and opening policy, the development and construction of China's tourist attractions have made considerable progress. In correspondence with their local situation and basic conditions, all the scenic spots have worked out the suitable management modes and methods of the development of tour industry and accumulated many experiences of successful examples, thus realized the rapid development of China's tour industry as well as the construction of scenic spots.According to the dominant theory of administration system of national park, the basic free services provided by the scenic spots are listed as the public goods fully funded by the government which will also invest in the preservation and development of the scenic zones as well as in the construction of large infrastructure. In China, there has long been a debate between "National Park" theory and "Property Right Separation" theory. This article aims to demonstrate that a variety of scenic spots administration systems should be established based upon the practical situation and levels of economic development in different scenic zones. Various problems can be found in the scenic zone management systems, such as exceedingly complicated organization of systems, conflicting policies from different departments, indistinct property right, no clear line between the functions of the government and enterprises, low efficiency and deteriorating environment. In light of these problems, the administrators and experts have provided many alternative governing modes for our country's scenic spots.Under the current condition of economic and social development, the wide Mid-western underdeveloped areas are confronted with the problem of funding shortage in terms of the development, construction and preservation of the scenic spots. The Privatization theory offers a workable solution to this bottleneck restriction. Through privatization, the abundant investment sources of private capital are provided for the development and preservation of scenic zones and for the tourism infrastructure construction along with the more efficient public services. During the process of implementation of the theory, the ownership of the state-owned property, administration right and everyday management right should be separated from each other and transferred to the state, administration department or the government and private enterprises respectively in the first place; secondly, open tender should be adopted for the concessions of the relevant resources or infrastructure of the scenic spots to confirm that qualified tenderers negotiate and sign the contract; the privatization boasts multiple specific methods including franchising, renting, service outsourcing and purchase—construction—management, which will be negotiated and fixed in the contract. Finally, the governmental regulations should be reasonable, operable, open and transparent and both the public and the private parties should achieve a cooperative partnership in the commercial, financial and political risks.Mountain Huangshan Scenic Zone firstly established the administrative position of the administrative committee through the NPC's legislation and the responsibilities as well as the scope of enforcement of the committee. The separation of enterprise from administration has been realized through separating the management right from the administrative right of the scenic zone. Meanwhile, the relevant resources of the scenic zone are integrated to establish the Huangshan Tourist Development Cooperation Ltd., which is listed successfully. The successful financing on the capital market has significantly relieved the bottleneck restrictions of the construction funds. The overall planning for the development of the scenic zone has been formulated and implemented strictly so that the natural environment has been well preserved. The Further optimization of the administrative mode of Huangshan Scenic Zone includes the department administration, and the complete separation of the administrative right from management right.