Ming Dynasty Horse Policy Development In The Loess Plateau Wrangler Pasture Changes

Horse administration is a title for the system of policies applied to the cultivation, requisition and utilization of horses for governmental purpose. In the ancient China, horse administration had a close relationship with military affairs, so governments always took it seriously. The horse administration's development of Ming Dynasty had experienced 3 periods such as prosperity, declination, reorganization and degeneracy. The feature of prosperity and declination was shown in the development; at the same time, the grassland's development also developed phasely, in the Loess Plateau, the grassland scattered extensively and its scale was large, especially in the areas of Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces. The horse administration kept a close relationship with the development of the grassland. This paper attempts to divide the situation of horse administration in Ming Dynasty into 3 main periods under the clue of time, attempting to use plenty of historical facts and analyze diagrams and statistics by using the method of demonstration in order to rehabilitate the real situation of horse administration in Ming Dynasty and the process of grassland's changement in the the Loess Plateau, at the basis of this point, researching the reason of prosperity and declination and the relationship between the horse administration and grassland.In the early Ming Dynasty, due to the needs of national defense, the government paid more attention to it, so the horse administration was developed extensively, a complete system was established from the central government to the local government. In the central government, Taipusi was established, in the local area, Yuanmasi was established as a national horse-breeding farm. Besides, Xingtaipusi was established in the military areas such as Shanxi, Liaodong, the horse administration developed as unit of Weisuo. Owing to this contribution, horse administration of Ming Dynasty made a great progress, which took great impact towards the military of Ming Dynasty; at this time, at the background of national prosperity of horse administration, grassland also developed especially the horse administration in the Loess Plateau was developed well.After the Xuande period, horse administration of Ming Dynasty 's developed slowly, being declined gradually. The main representation was the policy of national horse administration was to shrink, such as simplifying the organization of horse administration. But horse administration's development could adapt the needs of the development of politics and military. At this time grassland of Weisuo in Yansui town and Shanxi was developed well in the Loess Plateau.Until the Xiaozong period, due to the corruption of Ming Dynasty's politics, lots of problems were appeared in the development of horse administration, so that horse administration could not carry on, at the purpose of national defense construction, YangYiqing was responsible for reorganizing horse administration of Shaaxi province, which is the most important part of national horse administration, in the beginning, it caused effects, but it failed in the end. At this background, the development of grassland could not obtain support of various factors, disappearing gradually.According to all of the above, we can see that the development of horse administration and grassland is a process with prosperity and declination, it was limited by many factors, the key is political brightness, amount of grassland and unsuitable employment. The development is a synchronizing process that effects each other.The innovation of this paper is to rehabilitate the situation of horse administration of Ming Dynasty and the changing process of grassland in the Loess Plateau, at the base of this point, research the relationship between horse administration and grassland, in order to provide some help towards others' researches.