The Research Of Merchants And Commerce Of Ming Dynasty

In mid and late Ming dynasty, the rapid development of commodity economy, the scale of the commercial market are both from the breadth and depth has improved greatly compared with the previous generation, macro reflects the commercial production of agriculture, handicraft industry, the scale enlargement of long-distance traffic, the formation and development of market network, microcosmic upper now businessman from an increase in the number of population growth and the related people.This article selects businessmen related content in the novels of Ming dynasty, the Ming dynasty in the mode of operation of the hong merchants, shopkeeper and vendor, capital levels and capital raising mode was investigated. Business mode of operation in Ming dynasty mainly adopted the self-management, authority management and partnership three ways, including proprietary still occupied the main position. Businessman ways of financing in Ming dynasty on behalf of the Ming dynasty social wealth to flow in the field of business, mainly reflected in the self-raised capital, borrowing pawn, financing, entrust the capital partnership and usurping property, etc., the self-raised capital remained a major financing way for businessmen of Ming dynasty, fields pawn access to capital and debt capital will also become a businessman doing business in Ming dynasty is an important source of capital. Merchant capital levels present a big capital merchants of small, small and medium-sized capital number, and vendors are widely distributed in the commercial society lower pyramid structure. On the investigation to the commercial way to raise capital and capital levels can reveal the breadth and depth of the commercial capital of the Ming dynasty.The article also on the novel of the Ming dynasty in the agent to do an in-depth investigation, respectively, the function of the management of the Ming government policy, the agent, the Ming dynasty unofficial agent, agent engaged in business and merchants and agent relationship between several aspects to discuss. First affirmed the agent’s indispensable important role in business activities in the Ming dynasty, with the analysis of agent behavior, aims to reveal the effects of the game between brokers and dealers in Ming dynasty: on the one hand, caused to the merchant’s actively cooperate with the broker organization change in many aspects, such as management, settlement, makes the agent organization management more stylized;, on the other hand, due to the agent of the merchant and the shackles violations become businessmen seeking to bypass the agent directly to complete the supply process in the power, and agent organization to cope with the situation began to invested capital to hoard goods. The two trends become agent organization development in the qing dynasty two forms.In the Ming dynasty novel about the hong merchants, shopkeeper, vendors, agents a variety of group activities such as the record to show the above phenomenon, analyzing the results of their behavior to provide the detailed information, make up for the traditional historical record the defects of relatively insufficient in these aspect, the business has an important significance on the study of history of Ming dynasty.