Xi'an Urbanization And Ecological Effects Studies,

China is a populous country,is also a relative lack of resources,science and technology,the economy,the relatively under-developed countries.Therefore urbanization on China's western central cities-Xi'an is a very important strategy,a development trend,but also the requirements of industrialization.It can be a large number of farmers to the public,reduce the urban-rural income gap,and ultimately the urban and rural integration,in order to solve the three rural issues to a large extent.It can also optimize the allocation of resources by improving and improve economies of scale, and ultimately improve the city's sustainable capacity.Along with the urbanization process,Xi'an has witnessed a series of more prominent the issue of the ecological environment.Coordinate the relationship between the ecological environmentand and Urbanization,and follow a people-oriented,conservation of natural resources,industrial upgrading,efficiency,eco-friendly,urban and rural co-prosperity of the city roads,it is essential to be a "Human Xi'an,Xi'an vitality,harmony Xian" and international modern city.In this paper,the rational use of resources and environmental protection point of view,as an example to Xi'an,by studying the level of urbanization and eco-environmental effects,attempt to find constraints of its cities,as well as internal factors in the development of urbanization and urbanization ecological problems caused by the e process of urbanization,coordinate the relationship between the ecological environment and Urbanization,and make the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions,in order to facilitate better and faster development of Xi'anResults are as follows,through in-depth scientific and comprehensive studying.(1)Evaluation of the level of urbanizationThe comprehensive level of urbanization in Xi'an has greatly improved nearly 13 years, however the level of urbanization integrated in Xi'an over the same period roughly equivalent to 77.07%in Beijing,its level of urbanization behand Beijing at least 9.2 years,the biggest difference, equivalent to only 54.45%in Beijing;in particular the level of economic urbanization.Rapid urbanization development in Yanta Weiyang Chang'an and Gaoling,slowly in Zhouzhi and Lantian,even reversed in Huxian and Lantian in certain periods.In the medium-term of urbanization,industrial development of Xi'an lack of stamina,on which delay the development of the urbanization.(2)The eco-environmental effects caused by the process of urbanization①the impact of land-use change on urbanizationUrbanization caused land-use changes in the type and size.One of the fastest growing site traffic,followed by residential and industrial land,and arable land and reduce the degree of reduction increased the fastest.Protection of farmland as a land use in Xi'an,the most severe task.The function between Urbanization and urban construction,the size of arable land per capita living surface telling that,average urbanization increased by 1%increase in built area 12.2km²; urbanization increased by 1%each,to reduce the area of arable land 6543hm²;the level of urbanization increased by 1%each,the per capita living space of urban residents increased 1.93m².As a result of urbanization caused by land use/cover change,which led to the city's climate, soil,hydrology,ecosystems,a series of complex changes in the city's ecological environment exacerbated the dangers of unsafe.②Urbanization on water resources in the environmental impact of waterRapid urbanization,the total amount of water,water structure and water-use efficiency in Xi'an are changing.The level of urbanization with the improvement of water supply in urban areas continue to lower,each 1%increase in the urbanization rate,0.23×10⁸m³ to reduce water consumption.By studying the structure of water in Xi'an and found that the reduction of the total water mainly from the reduction of agricultural water.At the same time,ecological water used in 2000 has not been of great importance to the relevant departments.Xi'an urbanization makes exacerbated the deterioration of local water environment,water, eco-environmental degradation,and increase the city's flood frequency and intensity of risks.(3) Eco-environment in response to urbanizationThe total value of the use of emergy increased with the ever-increasing urbanization,from 6.29×10²²sej to 14.67×10²²sej.Non-renewable resources in the total product value of the proportion of energy has been around 60%and there is an upward trend,while the renewable resources to the proportion of share value has been declining.The composition of the sub-projects,renewable energy resource products in 2005,the highest value of 1.18×10²²sej,and then go down r;non-renewable energy resources continued to increase, which can cement the largest output value,accounting for non-renewable resources to the value of the total 89.67%;waste energy on the rise,wastewater,solid waste emissions in the year-on-year rise.The total value of the use of emergy is 14.67×10²²sej in Xi'an in 2007,which equivalent to 73.61%of Beijing in 2000;Macro-economic value of total use of emergy is 2.44×10¹⁰ $,1.04 times over the same period GDP($2.44.64×10¹⁰ million).This shows that Xi'an's GDP is not calculated in a large number of no-pay to the value of the environment. Xi'an,the current value of self-sufficiency rate to 50%of the external emergy to a growing interdependence.Environmental loading ratio of Xi'an has increased year by year,from 4.26%in 2000 rose to 10.46%in 2007.Beginning in 2006,in Xi'an,the number of resident population is in excess of its Carrying capacity.Xi'an's environment may be carrying a population of 579.74×104 in 2007 for the same period the number of the resident population of 2/3.Per capita energy use in Xi'an and Guangzhou,at least compared to Per capita energy use in Xi'an and Guangzhou,at least10 years backward,and Beijing,a backwardness of 7-8 yearsThis study has some progress and innovation as follows:(1) Learn at home and abroad measure the level of urbanization-related research,an integrated indicator and single indicator method,respectively,the whole city of Xi'an and the district to evaluate the level of urbanization,an attempt to reveal the true level of the city of Xi'an.In the methodology,try to make up for the defect of single indicator and multiple indicator method.(2) Energy-based to urban economic activities and natural resources for the content,the use of emergy analysis(EMA),the city's ecological environment and urban systems of the human socio-economic system and organically unify.Scientific evaluate the contribution of natural resources to the real socio-economic system,in order to promote joint developing of urbanization and ecological environment.and by analyzing the interaction of environment and energy of the underlying causes and quantitative,not only to provide the theoretical basis of cross-disciplinary environment and energy,but also to provide guidance to the relevant departments.