Guanzhong Region Of Rural Cooperative Movement Of The 20th Century, Thirty Or Forty Years

In the 1920s, Guanzhong Region of Shaanxi Province experienced a rural economic depression. The economy of Guanzhong was devastated to the verge of collapse due to the additional serious famine in 1928-1933.The National Government advocated and promoted the rural cooperative movement to rehabilitate the rural economy. In 1933, the cooperatives for the disaster relief organized by the Moral Relief Commission-led non-governmental organizations and various banking groups cultivated a batch of cooperative talents, which helped the National Government laid a great foundation for the promotion of the rural cooperative movement in Guanzhong.In the 1930s and 1940s, the rural cooperative movement in Guanzhong Region of Shaanxi Province based on policies and regulations promulgated by the National Government and Shaanxi Provincial Government was undertaken. A system for the promotion of it was set up at the same time. A large number of cooperatives were founded in the rural area of Guanzhong and plenty of loans were realized. The rural cooperative movement in Guanzhong established a cooperative financial system with the cooperative treasury being dominant and launched a series of publicity and educational programs.The rural cooperative movement in Guanzhong got many achievements. It recovered the post-disaster rural economy in Guanzhong, which laid a solid economic foundation for the victory of Sino-Japanese War. The members of the cooperatives donated money and materials actively to support war. The movement cultivated the peasants with the spirit of mutual aid and cooperation and improved their quality.The rural cooperative movement carried out in Guanzhong Region of Shaanxi Province in the 1930s and 1940s contains following features:Firstly, Guanzhong Region, as the large rear of Anti-Japanese war, had a rapid development in rural cooperative movement during the war. Secondly, compared with the other regions within Shaanxi province, the development of the movement in Guanzhong Region always took the leading place within the province thanks to its own advantages. Thirdly, the cooperative movement in Guanzhong was oriented by credit cooperatives, and laid particular stress on the cotton production and marketing cooperatives. Fourthly, publicity and educational work were highly emphasized. Fifthly, trainings of different levels were carried out in view of varied trainees so as to improve the quality and competency of the cooperative members and other peoples.However, the rural cooperative movement in Guanzhong Region contains several problems such as the irregularities of cooperative members and instructors, the pursuit of the increase in quantity instead of the improvement in quality, the limited coverage of the cooperation, etc., which are worthy of our reflection.