| Ginseng flower bud is the flower bud of Araliaceae (Araliaceae) plant ginseng (Panax Ginseng CA Meyer),which is growing more than 4 years, The ginseng mainly grows in conifer and broadleaf mixed forest or weed-tree which dominated by Korean pine, Distributed in China, Korea, Russia. In China, wild areas and cultivation area of Ginseng include Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Hebei northern mountainous region.The research show that the main ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng are sesquiterpenes, aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic compounds, It has anti-inflammatory, antitussive, anti-fatigue, anti-tumor effect. The research on the main ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud is few between domestic and foreign research, domestic reports are earlier, Most reports found in the early 90s of the 20th century, but have not been reported recently. Some literature have carried on the comparison to the different parts of the volatile components of ginseng, conclusion is that the volatile components of each part of ginseng varied, so it can not replace each other, Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the thorough research to it.This paper has carried on to the extraction process optimization of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud combining the traditional steam distillation and the modern supercritical CO2 extract method, Through single factor inspection,to determine the best technology to extract ginseng flower bud is steam distillation, the smashing granularity has sieved for 10 items, ratio of material to liquid is 1:8, the extraction time is 8 hours, the returns-ratio is 0.184%; Through orthogonal test, obtained the best conditions by supercritical CO2 extraction method is extract pressure is 30MPa, the extract temperature is 50℃, extract time is 2 h, the returns-ratio is 2.15%.For the first time using GC-MS to analyze and identify the ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud which is extracted by supercritical CO2 method, And steam distillation (SD) extraction of ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud are analyzed together, of the two components were compared. Two different methods identified 67 kinds and 20 kinds of components, accounting for total volatile oil of 89.67% and 61.84%. Ginseng Flower steam extraction of essential oil components containing above 1% is eleven, all of them are terpenes; SFE extraction of ginseng flower essential oil effluent, the content above 1% is nine.Combined with acid catalysis method GC-MS to analyze and identify 13 kinds of fatty acids existed in ginseng flower bud, mainly is linoleic acid, 14-methyl pentadecanoicacid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid. The results show that ginseng flower bud is rich in unsaturated fatty acids. The total content of unsaturated fatty acids of the oil is up to 58.62%For the first time using HS-SPME-GC-MS coupling technique to analyze the ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud, the experiment optimized the analysis condition on the ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud, condition is that the sample at 70℃after 30 m in equilibrium, with 65μm polydimethylsiloxane - divinyl benzene (PDMS-DVB) fiber head to headspace adsorb the ginseng flower bud sample 45 min, to desorb at 250℃for 5 min, Then use GC-MS to Separate and identify the desorptionsubstance, 38 kinds of components were identified, the content above 1% is eight, compare to SD method, there are 23 kinds of components are the same, main components are basically the same using two extraction methods, examine accuracy and precision of the SPME method, The method proved reliable, To a certain extent, it can replace the SD method for rapid qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis.Using static headspace - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS) to identify the ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud, in the experiment optimized the SHS extract condition, at 70℃after 30 m in equilibrium, precisely extract the 10ml headspace air of Ginseng flower powder using lock gas needle, Using GC-MS to isolate and identify, identify 18 kinds of volatile components, the total area of chromatographic effluent accounted for 50.3%.The SD, SFE, SPME and HS extraction method totally identified 103 kinds of components in the volatile oil of ginseng flower bud, compared with the reported literature, For the first time detected a total of 59 components in the volatile oil of ginseng flower.Three biomarkers were screened by using a modern mass spectrometry and metabolomics in the of ginseng volatile oil, they are C16 H34 N4 O3,C14 H32 N6 O5,C38 H74 N10 O17Ginseng flower essential oil has some antioxidant activity, which was extrated by SFE-CO2, the concertration is between 1mg/ml~1.8ml/ml, DPPH antioxidant concentration and clearance rate are linearity related. Development and utilization of the resource basis were assisted by the experiment data. |
PDF Full Text Request