| Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer cv.Silvatica(mountain-cultivated ginseng)is A ginseng which grows naturally and is sown wild in mountain forests.It is commonly called "sea of seeds".Mountain-cultivated ginseng over 15 years old is also called wild ginseng.Its morphology and pharmacological activity are more similar to wild ginseng,and there are obvious differences between it and garden ginseng in chemical composition and biological activity.Mountain-cultivated ginseng flower is the flower of mountain-cultivated ginseng,similar to roots,stems and leaves,etc.Due to the different growth environment,secondary metabolites and biological activities of mountain-cultivated ginseng flower and garden ginseng flower are also different.The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of the garden ginseng flower have been reported in literature,but the study on the mountain-cultivated ginseng flower is rarely reported.Ischemic stroke(IS)is a disease of brain necrosis caused by cerebrovascular embolism that ischemic stroke has become one of the major causes of death and disability in the world thanks to its sudden onset,difficult treatment and long duration of complications.IS includes Ischemia and reperfusion injury(I/R)phase.In this paper,the chemical constituents of panax ginseng flower and the research status of ischemic stroke were reviewed,and the anti-I /R biological activity and mechanism of total saponins of Panax ginseng flower were studied.The main research contents include: extraction,separation and identification of chemical components of mountaincultivated ginseng flower;The anti-I/R activity of total saponins of ginseng flower was studied.Based on metabolomics,network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques,the anti-I /R mechanism of total saponins of ginseng flower was investigated,and anti-I /R active components were screened.The following innovative achievements have been achieved:1.Study on chemical constituents of mountain-cultivated ginseng flower26 compounds were isolated and identified by ethanol extraction,macroporous adsorption resin,silica gel column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography,as well as thin-layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance identification methods.Ginsenoside Mb(1),panax notoginseng A(2),20-glucosebased ginsenoside Rf(3),panax notoginseng R1(4),panax notoginseng Fa(5),panax notoginseng F1(6),Vietnamese ginsenoside R8(7),ginsenoside Rk1(8),ginsenoside Rk3(9),ginsenoside F2(10)and ginsenoside F 3(11),ginsenoside Rh1(12),ginsenoside Rh4(13),ginsenoside Rc(14),ginsenoside Re(15),ginsenoside Rd(16),ginsenoside Rg1(17),ginsenoside Rg2(18),ginsenoside Rh2(19),ginsenoside Rb1(20),ginsenoside Rb2(21),ginsenoside Rb3(22),20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3(23),ginsenoside Rg3(24),protopanoxadiol(25),protopanaxatriol(26),among which compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from ginseng flower for the first time,and compounds1-26 were isolated from mountain-cultivated ginseng flower for the first time.2.Study on the effects of total saponins on ischemia/reperfusion injury of Mountain-cultivated ginseng flowerA rat model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion(MCAO)was established and reperfusion was performed.Neurobehavioral scores,cerebral infarction size,histopathological examination and brain tissue related factors were studied.The anti-I/R activity of total saponins of ginseng flower(TSGF)was studied.The results showed that neurobehavioral scores decreased after TSGF intervention.Cerebral infarction area decreased significantly;Tissue cell damage decreased;The contents of NSE,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1 and MDA in serum and brain tissue were significantly decreased,while the content of oxidation factor SOD was significantly increased.These results indicated that TSGF had good anti-I /R activity3.Mechanism of total saponins of Understory Panax japonicus against ischemia/reperfusion injuryThe metabolomics technique based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS technology was used to study the mechanism of TSGF against IS.The results showed that TSGF could play an anti-I /R role by regulating the content of 17 endogenous metabolites in serum and brain tissue of rats,as well as 7 metabolic pathways involved.Using network pharmacology,a "compound-target-disease" network was constructed to explore the potential targets,signaling pathways and potential active components of the total saponins of mountain-cultivated ginseng flower.The results showed that HSP90AA1,EGFR,IL6,MAPK1,PI3K-Akt,TNF,HIF-1 and other signaling pathways were closely related to the anti-I /R effect of total saponins in S.panax.Ginsenoside Rh4,ginsenoside Rk3,ginsenoside Rk1,ginsenoside F1 and other compounds with higher Degree were active ingredients.Molecular docking technique was used to perform molecular docking between the active constituents and the key targets.The results showed that the four chemical constituents could combine well with the four target proteins.In conclusion,this paper describes the chemical composition of understory S.panax flower,which makes up for the deficiency in the study of chemical composition of understory S.panax flower.The anti-I /R biological activities of total saponins of Radix ginseng were screened.The anti-I /R action mechanism and active components of total saponins in Radix panax japonicus were studied.The results provided scientific basis for elucidating the chemical composition and medicinal use of the mountaincultivated ginseng flower,and also provided theoretical basis for further research and development of the mountain-cultivated ginseng. |
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