Republic Of China Shanghai Chinese Construction Industry Groups Studied

Construction enterprise is different from the industry of architectural design. After the opening of Shanghai, with the system of western architecture, theory, technology and management methods input, a pattern of Shanghai construction showed a transition to a modern situation. Not only the internal management and management methods of construction company, but also construction general contract system has taken place a larger change. Meanwhile, with the prosperous construction enterprise, construction workers gradually developed, and ultimately transformed from the traditional form of crafts workshops to the owners who created and ran new construction companies or the employment of workers in new construction companies. They have formed a new modern professional group. Their influence was primarily through the expression of many famous landmarks in the city and radiated in the whole country. Shanghai construction workers had distinct features in number, age, education, birthplace and overall quality. It reflected some characteristics of Shanghai immigrant society and became an important entry point as we study Modern China. Previous studies are inadequate in this respect.In addition, Shanghai construction group broadly divided into two levels. One was the factory owners, and the other was the labour. Their income and living conditions were different due to their status, technical capacity and other factors, but most construction workers were living in the middle and lower classes of the society. Their living and working conditions were not satisfactory. Shanghai construction group had its own association. ShanghaiBuilders'Association like other trade associations in Modern Shanghai established under the government's directions. And simultaneously, it had inheritance relationship with the ancient organization of construction workers in Late Qing. After 1946, Shanghai Builders'Association embodied the spirit of modern democracy and the rule of law. Builders'Association played important roles in maintaining the industry orders, enhancing the industry benefits, coordinating the contradictions between owners and construction companies or construction companies and their workers. Moreover, Builders'Association also had a good performance in political participation and public welfare. Shanghai construction group and their association repeatedly plunged into the anti-imperialist political movements and played an active role in promoting democratic revolution forward in China. And they were keen to set up peer education, hospitals, and actively participate in social relief donation activities. They made their own contributions to the whole society with their capacity.In short, to some extent the development process of Shanghai construction enterprise and its group reflected the characteristics of transition to modern construction enterprise in Modern China.