The Group Of Construction 'You+X' In Modem Chinese

The monosyllable adverb "You" is a function word with a high frequency of use in modern Chinese.The research results are fruitful,which mainly focused on the discussion of functions,involving pragmatics,semantics,text,markers,etc.the functions of "you" can be summarized into six types,that's "tone strengthening " "presumption negation" "discourse cohesion" "anti-expectation mark" "tone of defense" and "logical reasoning".The predecessors mostly attributed these functions to the adverb "you".However,with the continuous investigation of language facts,we found some problems difficult to explain,that is,the adverb "you" is difficult to cover the whole picture of discourse function.In view of this,this article will study the adverb "you" and its co-occurrence components as a whole.Enter "you@" in the BCC corpus,and counted by category,it is found that the frequency of co-occurrence of "you" and negative adverbs,interrogative pronouns,and "le" are very high,and the discourse meanings of adverb "you" with these three components cannot be deduced from the simple addition of the literal meaning,which conforms to the grammatical pattern of construction,1+1>2.Therefore,the co-occurrence of the adverb "you" and the above three components is coded as the construction "you+Neg+Xp" " you + interrogative pronoun " "you +Xp +le".These three constructions present a consistent feature in terms of the constituent elements of the meaning of the discourse,that is,the expression of speaker's stance.Among them,the construction "you+Neg+Xp" expresses the speaker's logic position,"you+ interrogative pronoun" expresses the speaker's cognitive stance,and "you+Xp+le" expresses the speaker's emotional stance,so they are collectively referred to as "you+ X" construction group.The construction of the discourse meaning of the "you+X" construction group is completed in the process from the speaker's input of communicative intentions to the process of the listener's understanding of the communicative intentions.In the process of construction,the communicative subject(speaker and listener)receives three contextual stimuli: speech act,situation,and event,following the principles of relevance,salience,simplicity,and suitability.Activate four hypotheses: communication,willingness and ability,background knowledge,and propositions,Through three indirect ways such as common sense inference,logical inference,and semantic inference,the speaker's position expression is connected with the construction "you+Neg+Xp" "you+question pronoun" and "you+Xp+le".This article starts from the perspective of constructive holism,combined with functional linguistics,interactive linguistics and other theories,and adopts the methods of mutual verification of form and meaning,mutual corroboration of dynamic and static corpus,and the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods.From the aspects of construction characteristics,formation mechanism,etc.the constructions "you+Neg+Xp" "you + interrogative pronouns" and "you+Xp+?" are respectively investigated and analyzed in depth.Regarding the characteristics of the construction,this article mainly examines the characteristics of the fixed components of each construction,the allowable conditions and restrictions of variables,the emergence of the meaning of the construction,the discourse function and the realization form of each construction.Regarding the formation mechanism,we mainly examine the usage sources and influencing factors of each construction.We mainly follow the inspection and analysis of the above three constructions in terms of construction characteristics and formation mechanisms.Regarding the characteristics of construction,we mainly examine the characteristics of fixed parts,permission conditions and restrictions of variables,the emergence of construction meaning,discourse function and implementation form of each construction.Regarding the formation mechanism,we mainly examine the sources of usages and the influencing factors of each construction.Finally,we will make a unified interpretation of the common features of the three constructions in terms of discourse meaning,that is,they can all express the stance of the speaker,analyze the components of their discourse meaning,and discuss their construction principles,ways and processes."You + Neg + Xp" emerges "the meaning of the speaker's subjective negation",and its core discourse function is "to provide some auxiliary theoretical basis for the speaker to express some point of view,and then to express the speaker's logic stance".This functional feature,together with the construction "You + Neg + Xp",often appears in "worry-persuasion" "view-refutation" "inquiry-information" and "unexpected action-doubt".In the same adjacent corresponding answer sentence,it is related to the co-occurrence of the accompanying sentence and the syntactic demotion feature.It is also related to clause integration and cooperative principle.In addition,the credibility of the position of reason is determined by the descriptive feature of the variable Xp in semantics and the continuous feature in quantity."you + interrogative pronoun " emerges the "the meaning of confirmation of the speaker",and the semantic relationship between the preceding and subsequent clauses determines the functional type of the construction "you + interrogative pronoun".When appearing in the complex sentence of the counterforce progressive relationship and the general conditional concession transition relationship,the construction "you + interrogative pronouns" respectively expresses the speaker's stance of belief and inevitability.Comparing with "you + interrogative pronoun + Xp",it is found that "you + interrogative pronoun" is a construction that expresses counterquestion,and interrogative pronouns have the function of "reference + evaluation".It is an indispensable component of the counterquestion framework.In addition,"you" represents repetitive meaning,reasoning mechanism and contextual absorption are the influencing factors for the construction of "you + interrogative pronouns" to emerge "the speaker's conviction".In addition to the expression of the "meaning of repetition","you +Xp+le" also emerges the "negative emotional meaning of the speaker".It involves both positive emotional positions and attitudes as well as negative emotional positions and attitudes.Among them,the most typical is to express the speaker's negative emotional position and attitude.In addition,the fixed component "you" express the repetitive meaning,and the variable Xp is dominated by adjectives or adjective phrases representing negative emotion types.The impregnation of sentence patterns with negative meanings is the main factor in the formation of constructive meanings.