Qing Cao Capital Socio-economic Analysis

In recent decades, the research on the regional economic in ancient China, has been a very popular topic at home and abroad, and gained a series of achievements. Especially, Skinner, the famous American sinologist, his theory of region economic represents a historic academic level. And, Shiba Yoshinobu, the famous Japanese sinologist, he sent the regional system theory of Skinner into application and improvement. Also, Ye Xianen, the famous Chinese expert in social economic history studies, discussed the study methods, methodology, epistemology on social economic area in the book "Regional social economic research in qing dynasty". Overall, China's regional economic research in academic circles has been widely concerned about at home and abroad, and achieved remarkable results in the theoretical exploration. But many are concerned about the south, southeast, northwest, province of Shandong, especially the economic development of Caozhou not been taken seriously, so far the social economy of Caozhou in Qing Dynasty has not been a systematic study on the macro-papers or books in the domestic and foreign academia. Caozhou, although it was just promoted to mansion in the Qing Emperor Yongzheng thirteen years (in 1735), but ancestors in ancient time living here, ever created brilliant civilization. Caozhou as the corner of Shandong, its natural resources is unique. Early in the feudal society, Caozhou with the Yellow River region, as elsewhere,its economic development ahead of the Yangtze Rive in a long-term, has since been maintained good momentum of development, productivity increased substantially. But in modern times Caozhou economic development is behind after other regions and in a long term the pace of modernization is also very slowly. Therefore, this article discussed Caozhou's economic development situation in Qing Dynasty from the angle of regional economic research. This has certain theoretical and realistic significance to understand the changing process of Caozhou's economic development, exploring history in Shandong, and the understanding of its modernization.The text is divided into three parts:introduction, body, and conclusion.First, the introduction section is respectively from five topics to introduce the recent years' researches on the social economic history of Shandong in the Qing Dynasty.There are agriculture and handicraft industry, population and land system, business and the market economy, the canal and the impact of cultural factors on local economic, regional economic comparison.Because the social economy of Caozhou in Qing Dynasty has not been a systematic study on the macro-Papers or books in the domestic and foreign academia so far, some related papers or monographs on regional economy of Shandong have some content related to Caozhou areas, this provides many convinience for me to know Caozhou's social economic situation. Although the regional economy of Shandong in the Ming and Qing Dynasty has reached a certain height and some involved on the Caozhou, research is fragmented, just skimming over the surface, superficial and lack of macro-comprehensive and detailed microscopic analysis of Caozhou's economy. Then I described the intent and research value of this article.Second, the body section is divided into four chapters. By full use of local history information,on the basis of brief describition of the natural conditions and historical background of Caozhou in the Qing Dynasty, the article mainly from aspects of agriculture, the handicraft industry and business development to discusses the social economic development of Caozhou in Qing Dynasty. For the agriculture, with the changing structure of the food crops planting and development of economic crops specialized plangting, it reflects the trend of agricultural commercialization in Qing Dynasty. But agricultural technology progress is not large, as there is no significant progress in the traditional tools and farming methods, enlarging agricultural production is extremely limited. For the handicraft industry, most of the production departments have been forced out of taxes in Qing Dynasty, the purpose is more forced to survival and richmengt. However, the number of handicraft sector is multitudinous, involved in textiles, silk, tobacco processing, fruit procesing and so on, there are more than a dozen departments, and the type is more complete. But many belong to agricultural products processing, fishing and salt industry, mining and metallurgy industry are underdeveloped. Handicraft's foundation are weak, still with cottage industry as the main form, and its basic unit is farmers, its development is in the transition phase from agricultural production to commodity production. For the business, Qing Dynasty's unobstructed sea and land transportation provides favorable conditions for Caozhou's commercial developement. Recovery and prosperity of the rural market is a reflection of the business development. And the business development produced a great impact on the social custom at that time, fashion of thinking high of business and chasing business profits is more and more popular, social climate shifted from the luxury of frugality. This is also a reflection that commodity economy of Caozhou in Qing Dynasty has made a great progress compared with the former generations.At last, it is the conclusion. This part generalized a brief summarization of the whole text. Social economy of Caozhou in Qing Dynasty gained prominent development than the former dynasty. It was reflected from the development of angriculture, handicraft and business department, such as commercial production in handicraft sector, prosperity of commercial market and so on. However, the economic character of the Qing Dynasty is still a small-scale peasant economy model combing of the natural economy and the commodity economy, there is self-supporting production and commodity production combined, level of commodity economy is not very high. Due to natural conditions, geographical environment, traffic constraints and other restricted factors, compared with central and eastern coastal areas of Shandong, Caozhou's overall economy development is still fall behind. Its economic development still has a great of limitations.