International Trade And Minister Of The Late Qing Dynasty Three Study

In late Qing dynasty, China began to make its way to foreign affairs and political modernization. The Minister's Office was founded in 1861 and the contemporary Three Trading Port Minister can be regarded as the opening of political modernization. However, Qing government was not willing to make the change. The adaptation of system and the relevant transformation were spured by external factors. The vagueness of systematic authority and function of the Minister's Office reduced its effect in foreign trade and affairs. Because of the weakness and incapability of the central government, the new political, military and economic demand emerging in the objective situation must look for a new breakthrough, which made the state authority transfer downswards. The local foreign affairs official--- Three Trading Port Minister appearing at the proper time just played such a role. From the angle of foreign affairs and the process of modern history, Three Trading Port Minister had epoch-making significance in China's contact with the modern world. From the foundation in 1861 to the dismissal for "Tianjin Teaching Notes" Event in 1870, Three Trading Port Minister went through a saddle-shaped path of 10 years' course. It initiated because of going with the tide of historical situation and came to an end for going against the trend of the times.The status, function and power of Three Trading Port Minister incentral government were undoubtedly a refraction of transformation of the foreign affairs policies and political system of the late Qing government. Therefore, by analyzing the historical documents and official dispatches of the late Qing government, the thesis first straightened out the role of Three Trading Port Minister in the administrative system of the late Qing government, including the foundation, evolution, function, authority, status and appointments of it. Then the thesis tried to further discuss how Three Trading Port Minister participated in diplomacy, trade relations, domestic affairs and foreign affairs. From the whole vision of the modern times, the paper horizontally compared the position of Three Trading Port Minister in the political system of late Qing dynasty, and the organiztional relations between it and the king, the Minister's Office and Five Trading Port Minister. From the context of the history, the thesis also tried to vertically explore the process of systematic change of Three Trading Port Minister. Upon the discussion above, the thesis analyzed the basic attitude of the late Qing government toward foreign affairs and the systematic transformation of the government, as well as, how the loosening of the state power centralization and the downward transfer of authority influenced the political structure in late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China.