Natural Homogeneity: Hume And Kant Comparative Study

The paper argues that uniformity of nature is a transcendental regulation principle and transcendental necessity. Furthermore,the paper points out that Hume and Kant reach different conclusions because they disagree with each other about the source of knowledge, whether nature is viewed as depending on "appearance" of subject, and researching path.Hume holds that all knowledge comes from experiences. He divides knowledge into two kinds of knowledge. He is skeptical about causal reasoning which includes causality after the study of the two kinds of knowledge. Hume argues that if uniformity of nature, or the premise of causality, is wrong, then the proof of causal reasoning based on the principle will collapse. Hume questions the self-evident uniformity of nature for the first time. Hume reaches a conclusion that uniformity of nature has neither reason of experience nor reason of argument and it is just a hypothesis. Causal reasoning has probability, not necessity. We use causal reasoning based on "custom" that is attributed to psychological belief by Hume. Hence, Hume' s analysis of causal reasoning and uniformity of nautre leads to psychologism and subjectivism.Kant disagree with Hume' s point of view that causality and uniformity of nautre are habitual association expectation and just subjectively psychological necessity.Kant aruges that although knowledge begins with experience, not all knowledge results from experience. Kant argues that the base of scientific knowledge is transcendental synthetic judgments in order to save universality and definitude of human knowledge including causality and uniformity of nautre. Kant investigates how synthetic judgments are possible in pure mathematics and natural sciences.Kant shows that transcendental synthetic judgments are reasonable in pure mathematics and pure natural sciences by the methods of transcendental deduction in order to prove transcendental reason of causality. Therefore,Kant shows that uniformity of nature , as a premise of causal reasoning, is a transcendental principle, and it is a necessary truth for any possible experiences.