An Interpretation Of The Universal Necessity Of Knowledge In Kant's Epistemological Philosophy

The problem of the universal necessity of knowledge is the main problem to be solved in Kants Critique of Pure Reason.The prevailing view of academia is that the universal necessity of knowledge in the critique of pure reason derives entirely from the guarantee of the concept of pure understanding,In this way,Kant's epistemology will inevitably fall into the critique of transcendental idealism,Based on the reflection and criticism of this way of interpretation,this paper tries to explain the essential meaning of universal necessity of knowledge in Kant's philosophy from the perspective of "Empirical Realism" and "Transcendental Idealism".The reason why Kant's philosophy has been misunderstood is that although Kant suspended the "noumenon",he could not get rid of the concrete function of "noumenon" in the process of cognition.The role of "ontology" in cognition is reflected in two aspects.One is from the point of view of the “thing-in-itself”,Although Kant shows that "thing-in-itself" cannot be understood,the complex derived from "thing-in-itself" is indispensable to knowledge,on which Kant proposed a critical rebuttal to the critique of "idealism" about his epistemology;Second,from the perspective of cognitive subject,Though the forms of intuition and the categories of understanding are transcendental,both derive from apperception and ultimately from the subject of cognition,On this basis,the priori principle not only has the universality claimed by Kant,but also has a kind of reality which is ignored but based on the subject of cognition.These two perspectives correspond to the "Empirical Realism" and the "Transcendental Idealism" respectively in Kant's philosophy.If we ignore Kant's treatment of the suspension of the“noumenon” and review from within Kant's philosophy,Kant was by no means an idealist,nor an absolute realist,but rather a combination of the two.But the problem of Kantian philosophy is also obvious,that is,how can the incognizant "thing-in-itself" participate in cognition and guarantee the reality of knowledge.For this problem,this paper will try to find a possibility of communication between "ontology" and "knowledge" from the perspective of "transcendental imagination".And point out that the synthesis of the complex by the transcendental imagination is based on the “prior affinity”,tooted in the "thing-in-itself",of complex.On the other hand,It also has a priori affinity based on "ontology"(or apperception)in the synthesis of the categories of understanding.These two functions of the priori affinity guarantee the universal necessity of knowledge.At the same time,through the concrete development of the process of the occurrence of cognition,it can be further proved the "thing-in-itself" which is established in Kant's philosophy only by "certitude".