Dai Zhen's View Of Humanity From"Nature" To "Necessity"

Dai Zhen is a great master of Park Xue in the late Qing Dynasty.His life-long research involves astronomy,water conservancy,arithmetic and many other fields.Mencius' s Word Meaning Shuzheng is a summary of his philosophical thought.The thought of "nature" and "necessity" in this book is aimed at eliminating the desire of Cheng and Zhu's Neo-Confucianism.The thought of "nature" and "necessity" still has profound academic influence today.Nowadays,the understanding of "nature" and "necessity" in academic circles involves many aspects.This paper holds that Dai Zhen's humanism is embodied in the thought of "nature" and "necessity".This article elaborates Dai Zhen's humanistic view of "nature" and "necessity" from four aspects:the cause of formation,the foundation of establishment,the way of realization and the state of attainment.Neo-Confucianism of Cheng and Zhu attributed the evil of nature to the nature of temperament and advocated the control of human desire.Dai Zhen,starting from the origin,metaplasia and movement of nature,re-discussed human nature,believing that desire is natural and a part of human beings,which is the foundation of his humanistic view.In addition,Dai Zhen believed that human's cognition is to sense external things along the level of blood,qi,mind and god,and that human can reach a rational state through cognition.Man's principle is the combination of social morality and personal morality,not the natural principle referred to by Cheng Zhu.This is the way to realize the self-reliance of humanity in his view of humanity.Finally,Dai Zhen pointed out that the Tao of Cheng and Zhu misunderstood the ancient Tao and that the ancient Tao did not depart from substantive facts.He pointed out the relationship between Tao,nature and life.He interpreted Da Dao as Da Ze through exegetics,thus completing the humanistic view of human life.By sorting out and summing up Dai Zhen's exposition of the concepts of nature,desire,mind,reason and Tao,the author classifies his humanistic thoughts into three levels: nature and desire,mind and reason,substantive facts and Tao,and generalizes them into three perspectives: natural rationality of nature and desire,inseparability of mind and reason,and inseparability of substantive facts and humanity.In Dai Zhen's philosophical system,the existence and development of human beings are the evolution from nature to necessity,and the process from nature tonecessity.First of all,people's desires and needs in life have been faced squarely.This process can be summarized as natural and reasonable nature and desire.The recognition of people's cognitive ability and judgment ability to the outside world is followed by the development of people's abilities through learning based on their own judgment,which is a natural and inevitable way to show people's natureuality and talent.It is also an indivisible manifestation of mind and reason.Thirdly,it is the process of achieving the balance between desire and morality and maintaining the substantive facts.This process is also the process of recognizing that the laws that people need to meet are the unity of moral and human relations,and that humanity and heaven are inseparable from the law.This is the process of substantive facts and Tao.In the view of "nature" and "necessity" of humanity,Dai Zhen has followed the "nature" and "necessity" perspectives in each of the three levels.On the whole,Dai Zhen's view of humanity is formed by the "necessity" of natureual desire-Psychology-humanity,which is from human's "nature" to harmonious social development and individual development.