Telegraph In Modern China's Founder Course

The telegram is the outcome of the western Industrial Revolution, a kind of advanced means of communication, its successful establishment in China promoted the modernization process of Chinese communication. It made China follow the electronics communication ages, having great significance in the history of Chinese telecommunication development.With the main line of the difficult modern Chinese establishment process, this thesis investigated the attitudes towards installing electric wire and the transformation process of understanding the value of telegram. It analyzed the reasons that caused these transformations, on this foundations, this thesis also investigated the formation process of the Chinese telegram net, the management of the telegram, the concrete application, the function to develop and many other relative problems.With the research, the writer thinks that the domestic understanding of the value of telegram experienced mostly these periods, namely: early periods of Tongzhi, 1867-1868 years and early years of Guangxu. During these three periods, the attitudes of the officials of Ching Dynasty government towards the installing electric wire experienced resolute refused at the beginning, passive approbation and then the active establishment by themselves. This transformation is the result caused by both of the domestic and international environment. Firstly, as for the exterior environment, under the force of the western countries and the use of sea line telegram, Ching Dynasty government must transform their opposed attitudes towards installing electric wire into decide to install by themselves in order to defend Chinese independent right. Secondly, as for the local environment, the establishment of telegram is mainly to meet the military, business demands. The convenience of telegram in delivering the military situation and economic information made the Ching Dynasty government change their minds to propose to establish themselves. Moreover, the establishment of Chinese telegram can't be separated from some intellectuals with progressive thought, businessmen of domestic and Ching Dynasty government officials' supports.Before The Jia-Wu War, the telegram electric wires were installed successfully everywhere, forming the national telegram net of a scale. While the establishment of the telegram, the management method was that the officials supervised and the businessmen did, this method for one thing was advantageous to the normal operation of the telegram office, and for the other it obstructed the development of the telegraph office to some extent. Although there is no systematic management system, but the telegraph office was established at beginning. There already formed initially a set of management method of the modern business enterprise in the manage mechanism, personnel system and talented person development etc.As soon as the use of the telegram, its value quickly presented out. It developed the function of the military most obviously, with the most outstanding function in The Sino-French War. The use of telegram also produced important influence on every aspect of the society. Therefore, as a kind of dissemination of western advanced scientific technology, the telegram can't be simply considered to be the realization of the western invading scheme. In modern China as a comparatively successful field, the telegram has significant influence on the telecommunication enterprise at present to draw lessons.