Chinese Passive Definition Of Its Syntax,

Chinese has an abundant and developed syntax system. Syntax-research is a key link in Chinese grammar research. This paper takes the common but also distinctive sentence-type - Passive Form as its observing object.Since the publication of 《Ma Shi Wentong》, passive form has been generally concerned and studied. While up to now, there are still many differences in morphological features and syntactical functions of "bei", in limits and types of passive form, in semantic direction and coloring of passive form. On one hand, it is because passive form itself is very complicated and diversified. On the other hand, it relates to the research methods and observational visual angle that we take.The paper tries to break free the synchronic-plane-based static analysis, which was formerly conducted by theory of traditional grammar, structuralism grammar and transformational generative grammar. It combines synchronic research with diachronic research and static analysis with dynamic analysis. Based on the establishment of passive form's intension and extension, the paper takes the grammaticalization theory, which is the common concern of both Chinese traditional linguistics and western cognitive linguistics, as the research-platform. It stressed on discussing the grammaticalizing path of the passive forms that marked with "bei", "jiao1", "jiao2", "rang" and "gei", in order to reveal the internal evolution mechanism and operating rules of passive form.The paper starts with the defining of passive form. Firstly it gives out a systematical carding about the denomination and extension of passive form. As to the denomination, the writer lists and analyses several representative points of view (such as : passive-sentence theory, "bei"-sentence theory and "action-object-as-subject" theory) , and the writer also advocates to adopt the denomination of "Passive Form". As to the extension, the writer eliminates non-signed passive form (idea passive form), pseudo-signed passive form("you"-sentence) and nominal-signed passive form (passive structure etc.) from the research range because these patterns either have no form signs or have false signs without substance. Yet the form and meaning are twoindispensable elements in judging passive form. In this part, basing upon synchronic plane of syntax, semantics and pragmatics, the writer also makes a detailed analysis comparison between the false passive forms and the real ones, so as to summarize the distinctive intension of passive form in Chinese.On the basis of the establishment of passive form's intension and extension, the paper observes emphatically the grammaticalizing process of passive form marked with "bei", "jiao1", "jiao2", "rang" and "gei", pointing out that "bei"-marked passive form was led to by the quoting and emptying of "bei" 's meaning. During the emptying of "bei", as people's cognitive visual angle was changing, two types of passive forms- "N1+bei+VP" and "N1+bei1.2+N2+VP"- have come into being successively. Both of the two types are featured by expressing a result or situation caused by a certain motion affecting the object. Then the paper talks on about the grammar feature and semantic color issues. Besides, it makes some hypothetical analysis about the prototype of passive form and the birth of passive voice.Different from the "bei"-marked, most passive forms which are marked with "jiao1", "jiao2", "rang" and "gei" have experienced two developing stages. One is giving-to-factitive. the other is factitive-to-passive. Proceeding from the relation between factitive sentence and passive form, the thesis seeks the source of "jiao1", "jiao2", "rang" and "gei" respectively, pointing out that the first stage was achieved though extending the word-meaning; and that in the second stage, as a result of "subject-object-in-one"effect, factitive sentence drew close to passive form syntactically, binging along the grammaticalzation of "jiao1", "jiao2", "rang" and "gei".In the end, the writer makes simple comparison between passive forms marked with "jiaoi", "jiao2", "rang" and "gei" and those marked with "bei".Through the systematic defining and grammaticalzing investigation of the passive form in Chinese, we hope that people would have a deeper understanding of this particular pattern on both synchronic plane and diachronic plane.