Empathy Rheological Critical

Sympathy was used and investigated mainly in ethnics during modern western philosophy. Instead of sympathy, Theodor Lipps mentioned "empathy" and took it as a philosophical concept at the influence of romanticism and psychologism which developed the elucidatory power of emotions. At first, "empathy"was discussed by Theodor Lipps to clarified some Aesthetic problems. Then it was used to explain how people share their feelings among one another in sociology. Because the main idea of Lipps' "empathy" was in accordance with romanticism, it has great influence and became very popular in academia at that time. As the aim of romanticism, Lipps' "empathy" was to solve the opposition of human and nature, ego and others, then let them be together harmoniously. On the contrary, the effort of romanticism was so ineffectively that it even deteriorated the opposition by the way of canceling one side of the two.In fact, both sympathy and empathy are not only about the way people as the subject to share feelings with others as objects, but they refer directly to solve a very old difficult philosophical problem as well. And the problem is what kind of relationship of ego as the subject and others as objects was in origin and should be in practice.With the emergence of phenomenology in the early 20th century, many phenomenology philosophers such as E. Husserl M. Heiddeger and M. Scheler had profound comments on Lipps' empathy in the background of their critiques on romanticism and psychologism. Although three of them had different inclinations and purposes, for example Husserl intended to consider and rebuilt empathy in order to perfect his transcendental epistemology, Heiddeger tried to be alert and reflected on the true sense of Lipps' empathy in his own existential philosophy, and Scheler analyzed and criticized Lipps' empathy with the phenomenological analysis of all kinds of general forms of sharing feelings, they all tried their best to avoid the negativeinfluence of solipsism of Lipps' empathy and claim others can be reduction and put emphasis on the independence of the others and look the other as thing-in-itself and another ego. At last, they gave us a hint to trace the classical principle to rebuild the balance of the intersubjectivity and reconstruct harmoniousness of human and nature, ego and others.