Tujia Folk Opera Study

In the long process of history development, industrious, brave and intellectual Tujia people have not only made their own long history, but also created splendid nationalities' culture. In heritance and development of Tujia culture mainly come from its own national culture, communicating with , merging other nationalities' and changing into a distinct' national characteristics culture. For a nation, national culture is the impetus and resource that affect its existence and development. In my opinion, folk cultures and arts that naturally pass on are closer to human original nature, used as the important components of national culture, hiding deeper level of humane value, condensing life power of the nation. But with globalization and lash of outside culture, our national cultures are facing the serious crisis of traditional transferring great challenges, folk artists faded away, mass basis vanished, traditional arts declined, if they are not passed on and protected, if we can't manage and dug over , the change and development of ecological environment ,these traditional cultures will disappear.Tujia traditional art is too colorful to list out. Small Tujia local plays constitute an important part of Tujia culture treasure house, with a long history and well established. The root of Tujia plays is " Mao Gu Si" which appeared at the beginning of Tujia minority's formation, but with many reasons, Mao Gu Si didn't become a mature play, it passed on as a national custom. During Hongwu period in Ming Dynasty, with strengthening of Ming Dynasty's policies that kept minorities under control, culture communication between Tujia and Han was put forward, "Nuo" play flowed in and mixedwith Tujia's religion, customs and social life, becoming an old type of plays in this area. During Qianlong time in Qing Dynasty, all kinds of plays spread all over the country, forming complex plays. Meanwhile, "three small" play based on folk songs and dances appeared in large quantities. It's in the background of this time that small Tujia local plays such as "Liuzi" play, "Tang" play and "Lantern" play etc. were rooted and flourished, being popular art forms among Tujia people. These small local plays were not occasional; Being necessary for governing and politics, local economy development and proper cultural soil put development of local plays forward. Carefully carding vocal music, the names of the accompanying tunes, roles design, uniform, prop makeup, lists of plays and developing process, we may find that vocal music, performance and lists of these local plays have distinct affinity relationship. Tujia small plays are the product of the mixture of art forms flowed in and local customs, language and music, with their own features from content to form. As a sort of plays, Tujia local plays surely possess some laws of plays.