Twice Nobel Prize In Physics Laureates - John Bardeen

John Bardeen is a famous American physicist. So far, he has been the only scientist that ever won two Nobel Prizes in Physics. He won the 1956 Nobel Prize in physics for the invention of the transistor and the 1972 Nobel Prize in physics for the establishment of the theory of superconductivity, usually considered as the BCS theory. Bardeen's research touched several areas and he made great contributions to the development of physics. Apart from the predominant achievements in science, Bardeen also made contributions to the development strategies of the industrial enterprises and the policies of government.The thesis is divided into five parts.The first part is a biography of John Bardeen. It contains Bardeen's family background, studying experience, working experience, main achievements and so on.The second part reviews the invention process of the point-contact transistor, which was made through the cooperation of Bardeen and Brattain, discusses the impact and helpful inspiration of the transistor, and analyzes the reasons that Bardeen was reluctant to part from Bell labs.The third part reviews the process of the establishment of the BCS theory made by Bardeen, together with Cooper and Schrieffer , and summarizes the impact and the significance of the BCS theory.The fourth part introduces Bardeen's work and contributions in the period when he acted as an advisor of industrial enterprises and government.The fifth part outlines Bardeen's character and style of science.