Philosophy Of Struggle And The Spirit Of Farmers' Personality Writing

The research objective of the thesis is focused on the literature in the topic of rural problems after the establishment of PRC. Especial attention is paid to the red classic works, in the hope of inquiring into the tremendous influence which is brought by "struggle philosophy" upon Chinese rural people's personality and hearts, in the light of Literature. The core of this philosophy is "class struggle", it is considered that in 1950s-1970s, the rural-topic works in one hand demonstrates the real state of those farmers' mind when facing social drastic alteration and struggling situation at that time, on the other hand, for the sake of policy need and to form a propagandist effect, it is often the case that according to the imagination, the farmers' personality is built in such a perfect way that the phenomenon of over boast would grow. Meanwhile, the literary works after the new period, comparatively, are able to regard farmers' various emotions and sensitivities in a far more rational and objective way. The contrast research between these two literary works, moreover, could reflect the change in farmers' personality in the course of struggling.The 1st chapter gives us a general description and clarification of Mao Zedong's "struggle philosophy". Mao's character can be regarded as the original source of his philosophy, the boost of the elites of the May Fourth Movement made Mao gradually take the revolutionary way. Marxist revolutionists' promotion of struggle as well as his analysis of the situation at that time affirmed Mao's struggle idea. Mao Zedong's struggle philosophy includes boundful implied meanings, which based on the theory of "the struggling characteristics of contradiction "with class struggle being the essence: to analyse society according to class, and to solve the social problems by class or mass violence. The implied meanings also included the following information: "politics equals to class struggle", "the essence of class struggle is regime struggle", anti-peaceful evolution and revisionism and so on. However, Mao made mistakes in the extension of class struggle. Mao believed that the peasantry problem was the key issue of China revolution and that farmers were the most active force in struggle and revolution, which aroused their enthusiasm for participating the struggle greatly!The 2nd chapter thinks farmer's personality has poured aggressive genes into the struggle and literary work writing. In the big backgrounds of esteeming a martial spirit in contemporary China, the literary works of 1950s-1970s which describe struggle were in the peak of the literature school which esteemed a martial spirit. By describing the struggle against nature, the works emphasize the farmer's persistence—they dare to fight against nature and challenge fatigue , hunger and death ; they challenge the self-limit , conquer the sex difference and finally realize "the strengthening" of the personality . In the description of class struggle, the works often present farmer's aggressive and irritable characters. The farmers experience the excitements of revolution in the catharsis against class enmity and class revenge, and eventually go to cruelty and distortion of personality. This ingrained "awareness of struggle" has a severe effect on the farmer's personality , making them become extremely sensitive, aggressive and intolerant which are the symptoms of" struggle syndrome " .The 3rd chapter intends to display the relationship between the movement of "fighting against the private ownership "and the transformation of framers' disposition. Mao's thought of "fighting against the private ownership "and his public dream played a leading role in an imposing socialization movement. In this process, farmers' small-peasant essence was inevitably transformed. Meanwhile, literary works also encircled and suppressed the small-peasant mentality in order to coordinate the policy. In these works, many farmers arduously constrained their selfishness and appreciated the suffering of giving up land during the collectivization process. In addition, they established self-discipline under the slogan of "emulating forward and broke with selfishness under the inspiration of advanced theory. The external attacks on selfishness included political attacks, moral coercion, production competition as well as economic encirclement and so on. The criticism of private ownership and the life style of collectivization challenged the farmers' conception which existed for thousands of years and in turn deeply affected their character.The 4th chapter writes the problems that exist in Mao Zedong's moral idealism and the new countryside morals under the struggling situation. Mao hoped to establish the ideal moral prevailing custom in China. But this kind of ideal moral construction is very far from the modernized morality: to fight against feudalism while retained the remnants of feudalistic society, to fight against superstition while fell into the superstitious morass. The struggle has caused the human tolerant spirit flaw. Its understanding that " proletariat an morals surpassed the bourgeois morals " let the morals be contaminated with the excessive class struggle , and also make it difficult for the ideal morals to get rid of politics , thus has confused the advanced politics with the lofty morals, moreover, to use morals as a political instrument finally distort the morals.