Exploration On Hegel's Theory Of Personality In His Philosophy Of Right

The theme and task of this paper is to thoroughly investigate Hegel's thought in various periods on the basis of grasping his overall thought,especially the theory of personality discussed in his later works,The Philosophy of Right,and to make a critical analysis of it,from which we can see the significance of both positive and negative aspects.The starting point of Hegel's Philosophy of Right is the freedom of the will,which is further said to be the freedom of the human will.However,the man he said is not a natural person in general sense,but one who has rational freedom and has reached the level of ethical personality.Therefore,our paper is defined as Exploration on Hegel's Theory of Personality in His Philosophy of Right.Although Hegel's philosophy embodies the theoretical tendency of pan-rationalism,mysticism,holism and even centralism from the perspective of the whole,it can't make people ignore its inherent spirit of personality freedom deeply influenced by enlightenment thought.The early of the Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit is just based on empirical methods to verify the ego dialectical and the nature of freedom,and he confirmed that the rationality is the essential characteristic of the individual itself.The Phenomenology of Spirit,especially the theory of “consciousness” in it,is an ego's history of the spiritual growth of an individual self,and at the same time it originally embodies the thought of freedom of personality development.Logic,as the encyclopedia of humanity and science in his time,is considered as the example of Hegel's mature philosophy,in which every negative developed link shows the internal contradiction between a particular natural field and social life field and the achievements of civilization.His Science of Logic is essentially a study of human being's ego consciousness.The dialectics of Logic are not only the objective logic of the movement and development of the world,but also the logic of human's psychological cognition and personal ethics' freedom development.Although Hegel attempts to alienate the logic that comes from human itself into an objective spirit,which can ensure the objectivity and scientific of philosophy,but if we traced backward like Feuerbach,his logic is actually a kind of alienation of anthropology and world outlook.The Element of The Philosophy of Right written by Hegel in his later years,can be regarded as ethics and sociology based on personality freedom.The Philosophy of Right is not only the theory of statutory law,country philosophy and the theory of social ethics and justice,but also about the essence of human freedom,human nature in the process of free and negative development and personality theory,as well as Hegel's values and conception of society and history which formed when he does the reflection of the nature of society,nation and state.Firstly,Hegel regarded free will as the logical starting point of the philosophy of right.In the field of social history,Hegel regards freedom,spirit and reason as the same concept.He defined freedom as the dialectical development process of rational self-negation of personality in which reason maintains its own contradictory state in other things.Actually he interpreted freedom as the essence of social ethical personality.The personality he talks about in The Philosophy of Right differs from the ego in the theory of consciousness in Phenomenology of Spirit.The latter contains the link of "natural person" which has not reached the maturity of reason and has not become the subject of social ethics and legal responsibility.In his Philosophy of Right,personality is based on rational acquisition and social responsibility.Hegel believes that individuals have universal juristic personality and logical structure in abstract right,morality and ethics.It is the collective self-consciousness of human beings that constitutes the abstract free personality in philosophy of right.This abstract personality is defined by subjective morality and objective law in social real life and becomes a concrete free personality.The collective self-consciousness of the individual constitutes abstract personality,and legal personality is the unity of right ability and basic human rights;responsibility,intention and conscience constitute the subjective spiritual structure of moral personality.Under the feudal aristocracy of his time,the concept of family,social consciousness,state system,custom system constitute the fixed,realistic stipulation of free personality.The first two chapters of this thesis firstly give a brief introduction to the overall background of Hegel's philosophy and its position in the history of thought,the changes of the early and late thoughts,the thought of personality liberation in The Phenomenology of Spirit and The Science of Logic.The rest of the chapters,on the basis of interpreting and discussing Philosophy of Right,analyze how Hegel built the legal philosophy as his social historical view on the logical origin,the free will of individual personality,and how to infer the connotation of freedom and the form of free realization,how to determine the inevitability and universality of personality freedom.Further combing the development,generation process and logical structure of personality freedom,from the direct abstraction of abstract law to the freedom of moral self-regulation,and finally we want to investigate the specific freedom of ethical "Concept and determination".From this development process and the formation of the personality formed,we examine how personality freedom can face the Objective ethics and political limitations of his time.The conclusions of this article: firstly,based on the inspection on human being,humanity and the nature of character,Hegel gropes for the basic methodology of philosophical problems,which endowed humanitarian philosophy with some factors of history and values.Secondly,in his Phenomenology of Spirit,he thinks that human psychology is rational,and in The Philosophy of Right,he believes that the essence of ethics was freedom.Besides,he finds that only when the freedom of character and reason are united with moral,ethics,state institutions in reality,can they be real and free.It is reasonable.Thirdly,it is estimable that his Philosophy of Right reflects completely the connections among the freedom of humanity,the existence and development of social spheres and the course of the history of man.Fourth,in the logic and application of mysticism-Philosophy of Right,Hegel turns secular and realistic people into low-level links and tools with the 'logical' of absolute personality and absolute spirit.The 'absolute personality' is an alienated person-a synonym of god.Fifth,he uses personal property to serve the feudal aristocracy and the morality and ethical norms to limit personal freedom,which makes his legal philosophy and personality theory has a clear historical view and conservative values.Sixth,therefore,Hegel's understanding of human nature and personality contains self-contradictions between positive and negative.