Changes Of The Pattern Of Early Qing Dynasty, Shandong Regional Commodity Markets

According to the difference of the natural environment, transport conditions and socio---economic levels, there are three regional commodity markets in the Shandong province, they are the western area , central area and eastern area. In the start of the Qing Dynasty, the western area took advantage of its convenient canal condition to develop its boom trade. Because of the banning sea navigation that government implemented, it was very difficult to do the sea transport business, which prevented the market of the eastern area greatly. And the central area was lack of the condition which was good to the market development, therefore its market backward. This paper included three parts.Firstly, in the early period of Qing Dynasty, the pattern of regional commodity market was in the change procedure. The transferable transport market in the western area was affected by some factors, such as the high tariff which levied by the local officials as well as reduction of the river transport advantage. However, the development of the cotton productive market was better than old conditions in Ming Dynasty, and the tobacco productive market formed step by step. In the central area, the handicraft products markets that included the cotton cloth, ceramics, glasses and silk textiles became a highlight. After the open of the sea navigation route in the mid—term of KangXi period, the development of eastern regional market was promoted, which not only changed the past backward situation, but also showed the prosperous state.Secondly, in the early period of Qing Dynasty, the change of regional market pattern in Shandong caused a series of effects. The western productive market of cotton and tobacco affected on the local social production and daily lives, which was bigger than ever. It not only made the trend of commercial agriculture production deepened, but also caused new contending for land problem which was between cash crops and food crops. When central market became prosperous, local people got new ways to make for living through the handicraft and business. They didn't depend on the agriculture entirely which was alike the past times, so that the contradiction of the uneven ratio between people and lands was alleviated in some degrees. The eastern area market integrated into the network of the costal markets, and it kept close relations with Jiangzhe, Minyue and North east area, which was from the former isolated states.Finally, in the early period of Qing Dynasty, the change of regional markets pattern in Shandong province had some features. At first, its overall market pattern still needed perfect. Most of the circulation commodities were agriculture products, and there weren't adequate handicraft products that made in Shandong. The markets of some remote places were bad. Second, the official policy and civil behavior had close relations with the rise and fall of the regional markets. The activities that included official advocate and civil establish Yiji made the markets actively, but the interference that caused by Yahang blackmailed repressed the normal market operations. Third, in the central and eastern area, people took part in market practice activities, so that the civil thoughts changed. People discarded the old ideas that worshiped agriculture and neglected business, and the businessmen increased greatly.