Analysis. "modern Chinese Dictionary" A Metaphor For The Human Word

In (he modern Chinese, there are some words and expressions which indirectly refer to person.The core morpheme of this kind of words and expressions has semantic characteristic of [+thing], but the whole meaning of this kind of words and expressions actually refers to some kind of person. For example: white-collar, half sky, dabbler, helper, ugly duckling, backbone, flesh and blood, phonograph, scapegoat and so on, this article calls them "the words and expressions of whole analogy referring to human". This kind of words and expressions has important position in words and expressions referring to human, and plays the vital role in the actual utilization.They have some research value.Although the predecessors already had the attention to this kind of words and expressions, the studies still were slightly irrelevant, and not formed a system's research situation. Using the method of quota statistics,we have exhaustly collected the words and expressions of whole analogy referring to human which included in "Modern Chinese Dictionary" for the first time, and collected to more than 600 language materials altogether. On the base of the predecessors' research results, this article has carried on the exhaustive classification to this kind of words and expressions, and made a thorough careful discussion to the characteristic, the cultural connotation, the cognition psychology reason, the mechanism of the words and expressions, in order to form a comprehensive thorough understanding.The full text altogether includes six parts. The preface introduces the predecessors' research results as well as the deficiency in this domain, transferring to the reason of selecting the topic, the research technique and the research goal, and has outlined the main point. The second part is the limits and the classification of the words and expressions of whole analogy referring to human.We have defined the words and expressions in detail, and divided them into nine categories on the basis of previous classification.The third part has contrast analyzed the characteristic and the cultural connotation of the words and expressions of whole analogy referring to human ,compared to the other words and expressions referring to person. We find the words and expressions of whole analogy referring to human have unique characteristic, for example, the perceptive image , the likes and dislikes of the sentiment and so on. At the same time, as the crystallization of traditional thought of Han nationality, the words and expressions have the rich cultural connotation. This article has analyzed its cultural connotation from the perspective of material culture, the institutional culture and the spiritual culture. The fourth part has analyzed the reason which this kind of words and expressions appear from the cognition psychology aspect, involving to the principle of similarity, the principle of prominence, the principle of analogy and the cognition psychology of human for the central and so on. The fifth part using the image scheme theory, the metaphor theory and the metonymy theory in cognitive linguistics to make the explanation to this kind of words and expressions' mechanism, how could see this kind of words and expressions is to produce. The sixth part is a conclusion, has transferred to the research significance and the deficiency. These six parts are mutually connected, depended on mutually, formed a strict system and enabled the researsh of the words and expressions of whole analogy referring to human to be preliminarily systematized.Through the research of the words and expressions of whole analogy referring to human, it may deepen us to understand the traditional culture of China, and is helpful for the cultural inheritance and development,and has some social and cultural values for promoting the Chinese civilization and tradition.Moreover, through the research, we discover that this kind of words and expressions not only widespreads in Chinese, also widely exists in other language like English, i.e. this kind of language phenomenon has the language general character. We hope the research can play certain supplement function in the language general character and the individuality research.