South, The Aid Of The Northern Fleet Min Unpaired Causes Of,

The Fujian Navy almost collapsed completely in Majiang Battle on the 23^rd of August ,1884,which is one of scar being difficult to stroke flat lightly for descendants. As Nanyang and Beiyang Fleet didn't help Fujian Navy in time. Zeng Guoquan and Li Hung-chang were blamed by not only officals and commons of Qing Dynasty but also descendants. Most history scholars gave first place to criticizing to Zeng and Li , thought that they should have helped Fujian in their power. Their patriotic enthusiasm was praiseworthy , but they admited it was rational that hawks's discussion in connection with war necessity , didn't recognited it was also rational doves's discussion in connection with war feasibility and appraised historical figures thereupon morality argument, although being able to determine the nature"accurate" for the historical figure,what significance could be for our actual life? We ought to have understanding showing sympathy for to the historical figure , ought to make great efforts to understand heart feel and accomplish of a historical figure in certain history environment , should not peel them off out from historyand make them become "the little girl who making up at other's wish"; Ought to sum up history experience and lessons,not entangle the monster theory the person who didn't help Fujian was quisling .After analysing the traditional culture ,the navy build system , country policy, navy military disposition ,the author thinks although Nanyang and Beiyang Fleet were armed with modern fleets,they couldn't bring into full play .Therefore, in that situation, the more Chinese ships helped Fujian ,the bigger the lost could be .It was rational that the Nanyang and Beiyang fleet had not been able to help Fujian from this point.The whole article is composed of the preface , the body part and concluding remarks. The preface part mainly explains the origin of Fujian problem, the current study situation , two kinds of viewpoints and their divergent cause and the study scope.The body part consists of four parts. Part one mainly displays Chinese peace strategy culture has deep effect on Chinese modern war ,the coast defence thought and naval strategy of late Qing Dynasty. Chinese peace strategy culture advocates pacifism,its fundamenal strategical objective focuses on defending territory,going in for unity and guaranteeing peace. The ideal of means of war is"not battling but puttingenemies surrender" .Because of its ineria ,the coast defence strategy of YangWu Party was passive,inactive defence , didn't dare to go abroad to battle. This is thought factor why Nang Yang and Bei Yang Fleet didn't help Fujian Navy . Second part mainly analyses the late Qing Dynasty navy being short of the system guarantee fighting in coordination. There were four fleets in three oceans at the beginning of Qing Dynasty navy building-up . Every province civil and military governor in Qing Dynasty has a troop to defend oneself , Li Huang-chang and Zeng Guoquan all take it as an excuse that their area defense mission was rather important and refused to help Fujian. Qing Government didn't build navy central command system at the right moment, and was not able to concentrate the whole navy strength to confront enemies. The third part analyses the cause failing to help Fujian from politics angle. Qing Government put the country policy "keeping draw intact" into practice in the early days of the war , hoped to resolve the dispute between both countries by peace negotiations , had made Chinese troops losed initiative in the war. Though Qing Government supervised and urged Nanyang and Beiyang Fleet to help Fujian under the unceasingly seeking help from Fujian front, but supervises and urges were so lack that Zeng Guoquan and Li Huang-chang took helping Fujian being harmful to draw as an excue to repel. The fourth part analyses the military affairs factor failing to help Fujian from the angle of both countries navy battle disposition. Before Majiang campaign, the French Fleet made the concentration of Chinese each navy impossible in the actual operation because their flexible deployment ; However, the poor naval ships of Fujian Sea Fleat,which were got together to Majiang to stand facing the powerful France Fleat in the original intention of the military tactics of preemption, become the French fleet's cannon targets.The concluding remarks part is included: First, four leading roles , six contradiction relating in helping Fujian and conditions that late Qing Navy could be victory; Second, the history lesson absorbed out of the text: Put distant ocean naval strategy into practice and reform political system and military affairs system.