Shanghai Area Youth And Children's Gender Roles, Measurement And Research

This research established the Gender Role Questionnaire for Adolescents and Children (GRQAC) on the basis of the gender roles'situation of today's adolescents and children in Shanghai, referring to a number of researches on the gender roles all over the world. The GRQAC consists of two questionnaires: the Gender Role Questionnaire for Adolescents (GRQA) and the Gender Role Questionnaire for Children (GRQC), and both of them have good reliability and validity, using 4-rank method to set choose-item. The GRQA is made up of M test and F test, facing to the adolescents whose ages are 9 and above. There are 21 items for each test, testing the masculinity and femininity of a certain individual. M test has four dimensions: M1-Stimulus & Violence, M2-Interests & Behaviors, M3-Social Contact & Emotion, and M4-Realism. F test also has four dimensions: F1-Quiet & Aesthetics, F2- Interests & Behaviors, F3-Social Contact & Emotion, and F4-Inner Feelings. Meanwhile, the GRQC consists of M test and F test too, but only facing to the children whose ages are 8 and below. M test has 13 items, while F test has 15. All of these items will be shown in picture forms.Then this research investigated the gender roles of adolescents and children with the GRQAC, whose age was among the category of 5 to 15. The results showed that: (1) all the participants could be classified into 4 gender role types: undifferentiated, masculine, feminine and androgynous, and the 4 types ranged almost equally in the whole. But they neither distribute equally in different ages, nor in different genders; (2) there were obvious gender differences and age differences in the gender roles of adolescents and children; (3) there were obvious gender differences and age differences in the dimensions of gender roles of adolescents, too.