| Any construction of politics is "the human" politics' construction, therefore said that system's establishment must stand based on to the human nature understanding. So the good or bad of a system construction is connected directly to understanding level of the human nature. If there's a correct understanding to the human nature, then based on this establishes the system is surely fine; On the contrary, has the error to the human nature in the understanding, then the corresponding system construction also surely is not sturdy and moves toward the defeat finally.This article is precisely bases on this, in compares two system constructions in the foundation to point out that Christianity "heaven" dream absurd and final destruction, then based on this elaborated Hobbes to the human nature new understanding, and constructs the formidable sovereignty on this new understanding's cornerstone. And highlighted Hobbes to be opposite emphatically in Christianity in the system construction smartness.The full text the approximately 40000 characters, divide into five parts:The first part is an introduction. Bases the survival difficult position which faces in Contemporary China, the resonsideration Confucianist tradition's difficult position is, as well as modern China knowledge person, in attempts the endeavor which saves the Chinese nation in the process to do. Follows closely was expounding, although this advancement, because exterior and the internal reason is interrupted repeatedly, but after the 80s, China intellectual has continued this tradition. But further points out modern China "the liberalism" the intellectual, although is embracing the patriotic mood, however because actually in the knowledge limitation causes not to be able to see clearly the path which China goes forward. Therefore based on this pointed out that regarding the middle ages to the modern society's reforming time's big thought Hobbes's sovereignty theory's importance, has indicated the important meaning which from this article selects a topic. What is regarding Hobbes's research present situation exposition.The second part first summarizes the human nature greedy characteristic according to Roman Empire's declining in the reality stratification plane,", once the wealth starts to receive people's respect, when and honorable, the military imperia and the political power also receive along with it respects, the welldoing then starts to lose its brilliance, is recognized is one shame impoverished, honest instead is talked into is one kind of malicious performance. As a result of the wealth reason, with unifies conceitedly in together luxurious and greedy then contaminated on youth one generation. They are doing the deal which plunders, does not control wastes; They do not treasure their property, actually covets others' property; Regarding controls, the chastity, the human and god all things, they have the manner which all despises; In short, they reach an extreme rashly to have no scruples. Therefore what is inevitable, the conflict has occurred, between various social strata, faction contradictory layer on layer, the war infinite not stops consumption ancient Rome life.'Then elaborated Christianity to establish redeeming based on this. However, "Christianity believed that must establish a community, must request between the human and the human can love mutually. What it must do is between this mortal world which degenerates beside establishes one take the love' as foundation "city of the God '."Therefore said what Christianity grasps is one raises high the human nature goal, then through after populace's enlightenment establishes the community which in this human nature foundation loves mutually. But because the goal which the human nature characteristic and Christianity raise high is a huge paradox, thus caused the necessity which Christianity pursued to fail.What the third part of elaboration after is Christianity declines the British domestic politics condition. This time's British domestic religious sect stands in great numbers, dispute four. All quarters strength because of benefit and belief conflict, but is convening in the parliament launches the test of strength. This part of goals lie in with the history showed that impractical Christianity the evil consequence which brings in politics, is similar to the ancient Rome empire collapse time aspect. The survival condition which this is also precisely Hobbes is born to writes "Discusses Citizen" when faces, this is also Hobbes "the natural state" the hypothesis inspiration origin.What the fourth part of elaboration is the Hobbes sovereignty birth. Hobbes graduated yizhi dao the civil war from 1608 from Oxford to erupt, Hobbes's majority of time lived in the German county count Cavendish family. The Cavendish family is the British richest social stratum, and has the suitable political influence. Regardless of has the relation with British king with Cromwell. Therefore, Hobbes obtained at that time the short distance to observe the British domestic situation the opportunity. May infer that in these several dozens years, lingers nearby the Hobbes ear definitely is each kind of influence in parliament's endless argument, therefore he said that "they not only look like other people not to love them equally the companion, moreover they also compete the competition to its companion's harboring resentment". Why if because person day sexual affection companion - -I here meaning is the human takes them the companion to like - - on being indecipherable is a human similarly, the human to the human the love is actually different; Why is also indecipherable everybody to be willing to seek with like this some people, but is not with other person accompanying, these people compose the society is enjoys the great reputation to him and beneficial. Therefore, in our instinct is not seeking the friend, but is pursuing the honor or profit [commodum]. This is the goal which we mainly pursue, the friend but actually in next. To any pondered prudently person's behavior's person, the experience indicated obviously, people each initiative meet, is not the mutual need result, is pursues the glory the result. Therefore, when the people are interlinked time. They earnestly seek is not to own profit, is in companion's prestige and the honor. Said simply that the pursue benefit is Hobbes to person's natural disposition understanding, Hobbes's sovereignty construction is also take this as the foundation. And he believed that only then establishes based on this, but is not in the foundation which loves mutually external in the person himself beside politics and law community is stable. Is also can establish the long-time peace order. The Hobbes theory direct challenge is Christianity redeems the theory. He bases on the human greedy natural disposition, transformed the right greedily this kind, then established an external politics and law community to safeguard these rights realization. And drew the conclusion saying that Hobbes's redeeming was one kind of common custom redeeming. The fifth part is the article conclusion. The main purpose lies in the full text subject withdraws, emphatically elaborated, has achieved the prominent subject the function. Its subject is "Hobbes is precisely degenerates the condition in view of the middle ages last stage to design own theory. His premise is to similarly the human nature hypothesis. However Hobbes's smartness lay in him to reverse Christianity to the human nature view, and based on this systematic establishment own theory. What Hobbes faces is the middle ages last stage, after Christianity degenerates, the unstable European world, is in the civil war particularly eve and civil war time Britain. This time's Britain is precarious, each kind of religious sect influence struggle is exceptionally intense. Hobbes facing this kind of condition, has obtained himself about the human nature conclusion, he is not thought that the human nature is originally friendly." Just the opposite, Hobbes is willing to recognize the human nature is precisely take greedily as the chief feature "wicked". "therefore, Hobbes's human nature this wicked (fervor) the thought was very explicit, but Hobbes dared for human nature this kind of wicked rectifying names. Hobbes's political community is precisely the establishment in this kind of wicked foundation. He wickedly is even called this kind the right, then established own inherent right theory."... |
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