Qing Dynasty Tingzhou Hakka Poetry

For most people,Hakka is a special and mysterious people in China. Starting form Mr.LuoXianglin's research about Hakka in 1930's , the special and mysterious veil was gradually uncovered from history ,sociology, anthropology, ethnology , linguistics and so on by a lot of researchers for Hakka. The Hakka poems is an important part in Hakka literature.We can define the Hakka poems by the following ways.Firstly, the poems were created by Hakkanese and the poems that descripted the customs,character and feeling no matter what Language they used are the Hakka poems.Secondly,the poems that were created by the man who was not Hakkanese are the Hakka poems as long as which descripted landscape and customs of Hakka .Qing Dynasty,TingZhou is the concentrational region which Hakkanese lived in FuJian. But so far,no researchers research the Hakka poems of TingZhou. Analyzing through TingZhou Hakka poets and their poems,there were a batch of famous poets.For example, ShangGuangzhou,LiShihong,LiShixiong,YiBingshou,HuangShen,LiuFangQiuJiasui,LinBaoshu and LiaoHongzhang.Their poems had higher level and had certain influence in literary circles at that time.And,they created some dialect poems that were very popular and good influence on Hakka region.A lot of researchers agree to the standpoint that the literature has regional characteristics.In the same way, TingZhou Hakka poems in Qing Dynasty have sharp regional characteristics.The landscape poems which described TingZhou's special landscape becomed a very important part among them. And the style of the poems was closely related with the natural climate and geographical environment.TingZhou Hakka poems in Qing Dynasty were closely related with the Hakka dialect too.The poem, Chinese New Year's Day,which was created by LinBaoshu is a typical Hakka dialect poem. Tt has strong Hakka characteristics analyzing from culture, accent and narration. Because the Hakka dialect has a lot of Chinese ancient sounds. Some Hakka poems which were writed according to PeiWen Rhymes have no rhymes when they are read in Chinese,but which have perfect rhymes when they are read in Hakka dialect.Anther,because a lot of Hakka poets who lived in Hakka region and accepted Hakka culture used many words of Hakka dialect when they created poems .Analyzing through the ideas and contents of TingZhou Hakka poems in Qing Dynasty,there are clear two extremes,elegant and vulgar. The elegant show that the poems had the ideas of faith, duty,chastity and philosophy.The vulgar show that the poems described the contents of Hakka customs.Analyzing through the achievements of TingZhou Hakka poems in Qing Dynasty, there are a lot of techniques of expression and art styles in the poems.And the achievements are closely related with natural climate and geographical environment in TingZhou. The achievements of the poems had some regional characteristic.The regional characteristic of literature is closely related with natural climate and geographical environment. Analyzing through the data,The regional characteristics of TingZhou Hakka poems are closely related with hilly region , warmth and rainy climate, philosophy of long standing, education idea ,language environment and economy environment.