"class Of Atypical Sentences And Issues Related To Research

There is such a structure in modern Chinese like:张三高李四一头(Zhang San is one head taller than Li Si) ;张三大李四一岁(Zhang San is one year older than Li Si);张三低李四一级(Zhang San is one grade less than Li Si).The syntax structure of the sentences like those could be abstracted as: NP₁ +A+NP₂+QP and as the unit of independent expression ,they can bear the function of revealing the ways by which we compare the distinctions between two entities or events in terms of the qualities, the quantities, the natures and the scopes. In this dissertation, this kind of structure is named "gao" structure and. the adjective in it would be with the name of the "gao" adjective.Firstly, we start our study with considering "gao" structure as a kind of non-prototypical exemplar in Chinese comparison category which is used to express comparison meaning. So far the study on Chinese comparison category and comparison sentences has reached a great achievement especially in the fields of the study on comparison sentence definition, the study on "bi" structure which is an very important kind of comparison sentence in modern Chinese, the study on the grammatical features of negative comparison sentence like the usage of "不比"or "没有" the study of the different parts which constitute the comparison sentence such as the noun, the adjective and the grammatical markers, or the study of acquisition of Chinese comparison sentences etc. None the less, there are still some problems. Until now, there is no acknowledged definition for comparison structure and most of the research is focused on the prototypical exemplar in comparison category instead of others. The "gao" structure referred to in the first paragraph is the very subject which is needed to go further on study because of its particular grammatical features and long history which can be traced back to Han Dynasty. Unfortunately, there is little study on this field. Some related research still has much space to go on. Therefore, it is very creative and meaningful that we try to analyze "gao" structure systematically and to reveal the law in that with the support of credible language material. Apart from that, describing the grammatical history of "gao" structure and other related structures and working on the markers like "如(ru)" ,"过(guo)"or "出(chu)"is also our main job. Interestingly, during "gao" structure's evolvement, lexicalization showed up around Ming and Qing dynasty. With this, we set up a separated chapter to discuss on this phenomena. The targets we try to achieve as follows:1. Describe "gao" structure grammatical feature from synchronic and diachronic angle respectively and argue for the view that "gao" structure is supposed to be considered as a kind of non-prototypical exemplar in Chinese comparison category with Prototype Theory from cognitive linguistics.2. Explain the lexicalization during "gao" structure's evolvement and try to reveal its deep motivation.3. Picture "gao" structure's history, as well as others', which are related with it against the whole Chinese grammar system and make it clearer that how different sub-categories compete during the comparison category during Chinese grammatical history.We do believe, with this study, the law which lie in "gao" structure would be indicated clearly and a thorough and deep analysis could be shown at the very first time. Besides, it is also impressive that the related subjects including the comparison sentence with markers like "如","过"or "出" is a great part of this dissertation. Last, Lexicalization Theory is used to analyze "gao" structure which brings the research in depth.