Primary School Teachers In Psychological Well-being And Its Impact Factors

The objective of this study was to explore the influencing factors of primary school teachers' psychological well-being(PWB).It investigates the correlations of social support, self efficacy,interpersonal attribution and psychological well-being,especially to explore the mediating effects of the self-efficacy.Study 1:A research is conducted by measuring 340 primary school teachers with related scales in rural and urban districts.Apart from the Psychological Well-being Scale,The General Self-Efficacy Scale,Perceived Social Support Scale and the Multidimensional-Multiattributional Causality Scale are also used.The data is analyzed by SPSS13.0 and AMOS7.0.The results show that:(1) There is significant difference on PWB between male and female primary school teachers with female teachers higher than male teachers,also on positive relations with others, environmental mastery,purpose in life and self-acceptance.There is no significant gender difference on autonomy and personal growth.There are significant differences among primary school teachers of different ages on personal growth and positive relations with others.The teachers under 40 years-old score higher than teachers above 40 years-old on personal growth and positive relations with others.There is no significant age difference on others.(2) After interacted analysis,the male teachers score higher on environmental mastery than female teachers at the age of 20 to 30 while the female teachers score higher on environmental mastery than male teachers at the age above 30.(3) The primary school teachers of different marital status have significant difference on personal growth.The unmarried teachers score higher than the married teachers.The primary school teachers from different schools have no significant difference on PWB;meanwhile there is no significant difference of teachers with different professional posts.The primary school teachers from different grades have no significant difference on PWB.However,the teachers in grade three and four score higher on autonomy than the teachers in grade one and two.(4) The correlation of social support and psychological well-being with all its dimensions are significant(r=0.15～0.41).The correlation of interpersonal attribution and psychological well-being with all its dimensions are significant(r=-0.53～-0.20).(5) Self-efficacy is significantly correlated with social support,interpersonal attribution and psychological well-being(r=0.18～0.30).Self-efficacy is also positive related with dimensions of psychological well-being except personal growth and positive relations with others(r=0.18～0.22).(6) Results from path analysis show that social support,self-efficacy,interpersonal attribution to luck for success,interpersonal internal attribution for success and interpersonal external attribution for failure are predictors of psychological well-being.(7) Self-efficacy has a mediating effect on the relationship between social support and psychological well-being;it also has a mediating effect on the relationship between interpersonal attribution to luck for success and psychological well-being;it also has a mediating effect on the relationship between interpersonal attribution to capability for success and psychological well-being;it also has a mediating effect on the relationship between interpersonal attribution to luck for failure and psychological well-being.Study2:A qualitative interview is conducted to the 20 primary school teachers,which is a complement and verification of studyl.The results indicate that:(1) The realization of capability,the development and improvements of students, harmonious interpersonal relationship,the orderly management of school and the higher level of social support are the important influencing factors of the happiness of primary school teachers.(2) Income lower than expected,the unreasonable management of school,lack of social support,the fussy jobs and dislike of this job are the important influencing factors of the unhappiness of primary school teachers.