Study Of The Eastern Han Dynasty In Local Politics

This essay absorbs the research achievements of predecessors, and uses both histotical data and archeology materials, and studies on politics of Beijing of the Eastern Han from three aspects: the administrative system, the political situation and the relation of nation.At first, studying on the administrative system of Beijing of the Eastern Han contains two parts. The one is reappearing the political division of an area for administrative purposes of Beijing of the Eastern Han, basing on topography of"Hou hanshu"and histotical data. The conclusion is Beijing of the Eastern Han undergoes from the system of prefectures and principalities to the system of prefectures and counties, then to the system of chou,prefectures and counties. And the political division of an area for administrative purposes of this area is not only bigger change in the Eastern Han, but also larger adjusting than the Western Han. Another is carding the administrative organization, basing on the histotical data and archeology materials. It contains the organization of chou, the organization of prefecture and principality, the organization of county, and the organization of xiang li. The conclusion is the organization of Beijing of the Eastern Han either follow the common administrative organization or make a proper adjusting and supplement.Secondly, studying on the political situation, and it is departed two periods: the early of Eastern Han and the middle-late of Eastern Han. In the early of Eastern Han, because Liuxiu settled the regime of Wanglang, uprising, the regime of Zhangfeng and the regime of Pengchong, and let Guoji, Chenxin and Zhangkan governed Beijing, the political situation was gradually stable. But in the middle-late of Eastern Han, because of the ruler's oppression to the poor, and it made the big degree of poverty and rich, social contradiction was sharp-pointed. Finally, the uprising broke out, and the political situation of Beijing began to become unstable. When Liuyu governed Youchou, the political situation of Beijing get stable for a short while. And when Liuyu was killed by Gong Sunzan, it appeared battles among the militarists in You chou, then the political situation of Beijing was thoroughly unstable, until Caocao united Hebei. So the political situation of Beijing change evidently before and after like a parabola.At last, studying on the relation of nation, it mainly discusses the relation between Beijing of the Eastern Han and the Huns, Wuhuan and Xianbei. As far as the the relation between Beijing of the Eastern Han and the Huns was concerned, in the early of Eastern Han, the Huns often invaded Beijing, and the Eastern Han took the policy of defence. After the Huns splited two parts, the Eastern Han not only pacified the southern Huns but also attacked the northern Huns. As far as the the relation between Beijing of the Eastern Han and the Wuhuan was concerned, in the early of Eastern Han, the government took the policy of bribery so as to make Wuhuan not invade. In the middle-late of Eastern Han, because of the ruler's oppression to Wuhuan, they began to harass Beijing area. When Liuyu governed Beijing, Wuhuan temporarily decreased invading. After Liuyu was killed, Wuhuan harass Beijing again, finally settled by Caocao. As far as the the relation between Beijing of the Eastern Han and the Xianbei was concerned, in the early of Eastern Han, Xianbei pledged allegiance to government. in the middle of Eastern Han, Xianbei's power started strongly, and began to invade Beijing. The Eastern Han either took the policy of defence or attack the invader. In the late of Eastern Han, the tribe of Tanshihuai was strong, and often invaded Beijing area. And Eastern Han is fail for the attacking. Because of it, the society of Beijing became emaciated. After Tanshihuan was dead, Xianbei's power was decreased, and not invaded Beijing. So the relation of nation in Beijing area is complex, and it is decided by the power and Eastern Han's policy.