Compound Words. New Text Book Of Study

The study on ancient Chinese vocabulary has a long history, and many brilliant results have been achieved. Especially in the past three decades, domestic scholars'research on Chinese vocabulary has entered a new stage. On the basis of traditional research methods on linguistics, scholars begin to learn the theories of Western modern linguistics, construct theoretical system of Modern Chinese Lexicology. At the same time, study on ancient Chinese vocabulary has also had a comprehensive start. However, compared to modern Chinese, study on ancient Chinese vocabulary is relatively weak, especially the study on ancient Chinese compound words.As one of the important classics of ancient Chinese literature, Jinwen Shangshu comprehensively reflects the true language of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and has an important value of the corpus. We exhaustively study the compound words in Jinwen Shangshu, analyze various types of compound words from the points of semantic and the part of speech, sum up the characteristics of compound words in Jinwen Shangshu, and explore the formation reasons of the compound words to provide valuable theories for the study on ancient Chinese vocabulary.This thesis is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is"composite standard definition of compound words in Jinwen Shangshu". Briefly summing up our predecessors'approaches on the definition of compound words, combining with the characteristics of compound words in Jinwen Shangshu, we propose five standards (standard of significance, structural standard, grammatical standard, rhetoric standard and cultural standard) to define the compound words in Jinwen Shangshu.The second chapter is"side-by-side compound words of Jinwen Shangshu". Examining the side-by-side compound words in Jinwen Shangshu from the point of view of the semantics, we can get the relations between morphemes'meaning and morphemes'meaning and the relations between morphemes'meaning and words'meaning. From the point of part of speech, the side-by-side compound words in Jinwen Shangshu have six ways to form a word:"noun+nounâ†'noun","verb+verbâ†'verb","adjectives+adjectivesâ†'adjectives","noun+nounâ†'verb","verb+verbâ†'noun","adjectives+verbâ†'noun". The side-by-side compound words in Jinwen Shangshu have diversified methods to form words, morphological instability and unity on meaning.The third chapter is"modifier-head compound words in Jinwen Shangshu". From the perspective of semantic analysis, formal partial positive morpheme compound words can be divided into three categories: the first is for people, things or objects, the second is for movement behavior, the third is for the nature of the state, and mainly are the first category. From the perspective of part of speech, modifier-head compound words in Jinwen Shangshu can be divided into nouns(682), verbs(16), adjectives(2), and numerals(9). Terms of the formation of nouns have 11 kinds, verbs only three kinds, adjectives one kind and numeral one kind. The official compound morphemes of modifier-head compound words in Jinwen Shangshu have strong word-building capacity,and their part of speech plays a decisive role in that of modifier-head compound words.The fourth chapter is"other compound words of Jinwen Shangshu". Analyzing the characteristics of verb-object-type compound words, the main type that make up compound words and dynamic of compound words, and also analyzing and discussing the whether there are subject-predicate-type compound words and action-style compound words in Jinwen Shangshu, we believe that the two have indeed existed.The fifth chapter is"explore the causes of compound words other compound words in Jinwen Shangshu". The main reasons of formation of compound words are: the abstract semantics, the tight structure, the infinite formation, the precision of expressing the meaning and so on. In addition, other factors may also exist, such as rhythm, rhetoric, oral habits. These factors cause the phenomenon of polysyllabic words.