Cultural Guardians Of The Plight Of The Ideal: Qian Traditional Political Non-autocracy "evaluation

Abstract: In the historiography circle of modern China, both liberal scholars and conservative scholars are generally agreed that Traditional Politic of China is despotism except Qian Mu. He illustrated his viewpoint from the perspective of historiography and culturology. The development of his theory can be divided into three periods.The first period, based on the research of national history, Qian Mu assumes that take process of cultivation, which is more suitable than process of despotism, to describe the evolution of national history. The second period, during the anti-Japanese War, Qian Mu suggests that copy political system of west and abandon traditional politics is not sensible, absorb"exam right"and"supervision right"as the complement of separation of powers mode is necessary. The third period, after Qian Mu is abroad, he raised"duty theory"to explain traditional politics. He assumes that the key of political theory of China is emphasized on the"duty"of government on condition of approving the government, but not sovereignty.From the viewpoint of historiography and culturology, Qian Mu's opinion of traditional politics is generally right. He assumes that there is a serious of spirit and ideal back of politics of China, his political theory is just a kind of ideal politics. More concretely, desire to defend traditional culture principles, he adds various kinds of spirit to politics.In the west, the theory of politics, centre on right thesis, is one kind of bottom-line politics, which needs to solve the problem of political legitimacy. While in China, the legitimacy has been solved because of its culture centre on"ritual"and"heavenly laws", traditional politics of China is characterized by ideal politics, which means moral is contained in politics. In modern society, only bottom-line politics is viable, while ideal politics needs further study because rigor Supporting Factors are required. The reality of traditional politics of China and dispute cause by it needs further explore.