| In Complete Collection of Qu of the Yuan Dynasty there are 162 YuanZaJu,in which nearly 60 dramas concerns dream,which covers one-third of all existing Yuan Zaju.And many writers are very famous.They are deserved to be studied.Certainly the achievements have been made can not be neglected, but there are still some bias or even errors among them.There are still blanks to be developed in field of dreams of Yuan Zaju.So I try to make a systematic and deeper analysis from a new perspective on Yuan Zaju about dreams in order to better understand the dream elements in connection with the unique style of play,to grasp the element of people's aesthetic style and unique attitude so that I could contribute to the study of Yuan Zaju.Before Yuan Dynasty literature involved in dream were voluminous.Yuan Zaju about dreams not only inherited the main characteristics of literature involved in dream before Yuan Dynasty,the contents of which are full of beautiful strangeness and philosophy and the style of which are various,but also carried them forward and culvert them with new features.With virtual fantasy space in imaginary time and space dimensions play writers of Yuan Zaju about dreams fully demonstrated the dream kingdom of the splendid variety and unique characteristics. First of all,the dream kingdoms are rich and colorful, based on participation related to the subjects involved in the dream,which can be divided into static and dynamic, as the two states.Static with the absence of subject describes the objective of the dream scene,which often select natural phenomena such as celestial landscape as their concerns.Activision is the main body of experience in the tour or the state of the dream the subjective views of care.There are two kinds of dream scene:tour one and historical one. In tour scene subject tours consciously and mostly concerns daily home garden which describes the beautiful elegant garden views as the object.In historical scene subjects must undergo dreams through no alternative way,which mostly describes the grotesque natural scenery on the way.Secondly, diverse perspectives constitute the colorful dream scenes of plays involves dream. Diverse perspectives make a variety of aesthetic effects and play writers could choose diffferent expression patterns according to themes. Points of view bear not only social oblidation to expound the ideas of civilian in writing,but deep reflections on the drawbacks of times and stern in contemplation of life from a higher standing out of dreams,denying facing the reality of alike dream with dream alike.Tirdly,it pays attention to social realities, focusing on the real exsistence that the subject is in after the wake-up from dreams. For example,there is a meaningful plot in such plays of a salvation from a dream.That is in the dreams of the subject there is always appearance of the ferocious scene of killing the dreamer by the old states or other wicked persons,which always requires the use of external forces to get out of the plight.As to the characters of Yuan Zaju about dreams,I mainly analyse two kinds of persons:the first one is about the men and women in love who failed to get married when they were awake but succeeded in their dreams,such as those in On The Wall and On The Horse, Qiannu's Soul Leaves Her Body, Dream Cloud Window in Autumn Night, Listeningt o Playing in the Bamboo Dock, Li Bai Matching the Gold in Mind,Love Send Song Form,Rain of Phoenix Tree,Autumn in the Han Palace and so on.These plays mainly describe the joys and sorrows of the young men and women, they dreamt because of missing each other.Especially,all the female protagonists in this mode, involving a dream, activated the original living dead quietness, and determinedly choose love and passion in the contest beteen love and fetters,lighting the spiritual world of the brilliant night sky of love on the stage of Yuan Zaju with fiery.Two extraordinary young women need special mention:one is Zhong Lichun in Zhong Lichun Set Qi With Wisdom and Courage and Wang Zhaojun in Break Fantasy Lone Wild Goose in Autumn in HanPalace.The comparative analysis to these two plays and two characters demonstrates the creation and development of the characteristics of Yuan Zaju in the melting of Chinese and Mongolian culture.The other one is those who were chosen to deliver while they did not want to be the person Buddha of immortality.During Yuan Dynasty, seclusion into Taoism prevailed, under the influence of which,there are eighteen salvation dramas in Yuan Zaju,among which there are thirteen ones involving dream.By demonstrating the difficulty of salvation,these dramas reflects the fact that Quanzhen had not been approved by the broad masses and the fiction dreams were only sustenance ideal of DreamWorks and spiritual refuge for the scholars.Yuan Zaju involved in dream strengthen the enjoyment of the beauty of the script.Among them salvation dreams, missing and love dreams and dreams about ghost souls are microcosm of society,there is unreal in reality and unreal reflects the true.The writers guide people to travel to another world in a vast creative space of the dream,satisfying the desire that can not rectified in real life,enticing ordinary people and people who convinced of the fairy world but could not expierence it as well.It reflects the beauty combination of the actual situation and fuzzy one. Among them there are care for life and compassion for human beings.There are feelings of human relations about parents of missing children or children missing parents which caused them to dream.There are odd situations about goodness moves heaven and heaven submits to people's willing.There are common affections of meeting because of missing. There are knight feelings under vital situations to help overcom the difficuties.There are friendships entrusted with death. There are sadnesses caused by death of injustice.There are dangerous affections of misery and helplessness. Dreams of salvation also reflect feelings of relief people from the grievance.We can say that the tragicomic beauty of human affections have been performed thoroughly.The basic features of the language of Yuan Zaju involved in dream are meeting the requirements and satisfied with the tastes of both the elegent and the common.Just as Liang Qichao had said,this new kind of literature with common llanguage is one major key to the evolution of literature. |
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