Shang And Zhou Bronze Urn And Research

Bronze lei began to appear during Er Li Gang period of Shang Dynasty, popular in the upper class in late Shang and Zhou of Dynasty. The containers tend to die in late warring period and the quantity of them which are discovered by handed are much more than 280, bronze lei in Shang of dynasty occupied very important position. Although the study involved bronze lei since the Northern Song Dynasty began, due to different research purposes, scholars often focused on one aspect of bronze lei in the past, few have conducted systematic research. This article intends to give full study on the basis of previous studies, and apply typology, statistics, analysis of cultural factors, the double evidence and other research methods to explore the definition naming and function, type classification, age inferred method, burial object combinations, geographical features, ethnicity, and the relationship with big mouth and broad shoulders zun, Bu, Fou and the origin and disappearance of them.The paper is divided into eight parts; each part analyzes one respect:The part of introduction proposes the purpose and meaning of bronze lei, and historical development of the previous studies.In chapter one, the paper illustrates naming and function of the bronze lei. According to a special bronze lei in the shape, standard bronze lei shape was derived. And also based on historical records and unearthed material, we proved that in the Shang and Zhou Dynasty bronze lei device can be used either as a wine or water heater, which was used in the medium-term of the Western Zhou Dynasty. From the name changing of, the paper disuses the status changes in the bronze wares.In chapter two, the question is on the typology analysis of bronze lei and years'inference. The author mainly excavated typology theory type analysis to divide the development of bronze lei into 9 periods based on the forms division. To each period, the features, the evolution of rules, popular areas and other issues are summarized to clarify the development of bronze lei in general.In chapter three, it surrounds on the burial combinations of bronze lei. The objects studied are burial combinations without stealing by the scientific excavation and a slight interference or disturbance but still full of burial artifacts. According to an area of medium, the burial can be divided into three levels. By examining the burial bronze lei number of all kinds of buried combination, dimensions, and a combination with other objects and the relationship with the owner of the tomb in order to know the status of the user and burial custom system in that time.In chapter four, the paper discusses the regional characteristics. In accordance with the spatial distribution, the country is divided into seven Cultural District.we compare the features of bronze lei from remote cultural district with that of Central Plains and get the result that bronze lei of Shang and Zhou can be divided into three cultural types:central plains type, the central plains-dialects and dialects. And also in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the exchanges between the central plains and the local cultural are interactive rather than unilateral transmission and reception.In chapter five, we discuss the identity of users of bronze lei. Under the guidance of "days' name, clan symbol" mainly guided by Mr. Zhang Maorong, the author based on archaeological materials identifying Shang and Zhou Clan infers that users of B-side lei and square lei are main descendants of Yin Dynasty or Yin Dynasty, while the bronze is a device used in the Zhou Dynasty.In chapter six, the writer analyzes the relation among shoulder of the lei and no ears, big mouth wide shoulder and fou and proposes the distinction between the standards and methods. Besides, this chapter also illustrates the relation between bronze lei and fou in the period of Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Because in the late warring period the widespread usage of iron is out of the stage of history.In conclusion, the author makes a summary and gives some problems needed solving so that we can study deeply when it becomes ripe.