Shang And Zhou Bronze He Finishing

Bronze He can date back to pottery. It began to appear in Erlitou cultural period. It came over several dynasties like Shang dynasty, western Zhou dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States, especially in Shang dynasty and Zhou dynasty. It is one of the main burial sacrificial vessels in Pre-Qin period. Therefore, the research on the bronze He is necessary. Due to the different research objectives, previous scholars always laid stress on one aspect or a single implement of bronze He. But it is lack of systematic discussion. This paper is on the basis of predecessors' achievements and makes full use of archaeological materials. It mainly adopts statistics, archaeological stratigraphy, typology and cultural factors analysis to do comprehensive research on its name and function of bronze He and shape evaluation, regional characteristics, origins and the relationship with other implements to get a comprehensive understanding of bronze He and explore the cultural system and connotation of Pre-Qin period. This paper mainly includes several parts as follows:Introduction, in this part it mainly discusses the research situation of bronze He since Northern Song dynasty. These studies showed the achievements and problems to be solved urgently and it put forward research objectives and methods of Bronze He.Chapter one, the naming and function of Bronze He. In this part, it first summarizes the predecessors'research on the naming and function of Bronze He. On the basis of this, it mainly shape the standard of the Bronze He with the archaeological excavations. According to the unearthed bronze He's positions and combination relations with other implements, which proves that Bronze He can be used as bartender and also a water purifier.Chapter two, typology analysis of Bronze He. We mainly set the excavated bronze He as analyzing objects and use stratigraphy and typology principles to analyze it. According to their different positions, we divided them into two groups. In result, we generally clear the courtyard-shaped evolution of Bronze He.Chapter three, the different periods and regional research of Bronze He. According to the evolution of the shapes of Bronze He and the combination of grain and the changes of implements combination rules, we can roughly divide the evolutionary process of Bronze He into ten periods. It summarizes the characteristics of each period. With the geographic distribution of Bronze He, we can divide them into eight regions and summarize the characteristics of Bronze He in each region. In result, I consider that the distribution of Bronze He is closely associated with political domination.Chapter four, the research on the burial combination relations. In this chapter we set the unearthed bronze He which was scientifically excavated without being stolen as the main research object. We divide the coffin chambers into large, medium, small according to the sizes of them. Based on the time orders, we analyze the changes of combination relations of Bronze He of different grades in different periods, which can help us understand the status of users. Based on our analysis, I consider that the Bronze He is mainly unearthed in large and medium-sized burial chambers.Chapter five, in this chapterâ… mainly discuss the origins, evolution and decline of Bronze He. The research shows that Bronze He is originated from Pottery He. In late Warring States period, Bronze He changed from sacrificial vessel into practical device, it began to decline.Conclusion, it summaries the whole paper and put forward some problems which need to be further studied. Later, these problems could be solved more conveniently and successfully.