End Of The Qing Contrast With The War Of The Northwest Of Shanxi Agricultural Production

The landforms of most part of the Northwestern Shanxi (Jin), located in the loess plateau, are loess ditches. Only a few part of the area are agricultural fields with leanness soils. Because the latitude is high, it's cold in the spring and winter. The local agriculture pattern is generally extensive one, which is "low-input and low-output" mode. However, the agricultural status is obviously different between Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Period of Republic of China as well as during theater-Japanese War. Study on forcing of the differences between the two periods would be important for modern agricultural development in the Northwestern Shanxi.In the first part of the thesis, agriculture of Northwestern Shanxi in Qing Dynasty and the Early Period of Republic of China was expounded. Extensive agriculture pattern was performed according to the local environment. At that time, some cold- and arid-resistance crops, such as naked oats, buckwheat, barley and millet are planted, and the cropping system was "one crop a year". This extensive pattern led to a backward agricultural production, and thus resulted in more and more outward farmers. Although some polices for agricultural development were implemented by the Qing Government and Yan Xishan, there were no notable improvement.Agricultural policy and status of Northwestern Shanxi during the Anti-Japanese War were discussed in the second part of the thesis. Agriculture was severely destroyed by the Japan's invasion in the 1930s and 1940s, for the lack of labor force, livestock and dead stock. Under this condition, the Democratic Government of Northwestern Shanxi put up an agricultural production campaign in response to the call of the Party. By mobilizing the energies of the farmers and promoting intensive agriculture, such as building irrigation works, the agricultural production could meet the needs of the people in the Northwestern Shanxi Anti-Japanese Base Area.By comparison, we can see that the typical extensive agricultural pattern was naturally chosen by the farmers according to the environment at that time, but the intensive one put up by the government during the war is only suitable for the war period. At present, government needs to take actions that suit local circumstances to change the backward agricultural condition.