Study On Agricultural Companies In Northeast China In The Late Qing Dynasty And Early Republic Of China(1901-1931)

Since modern times,with the deepening of the east and west exchanges,some western production and management methods began to be introduced into China.For agricultural development,on the one hand,the introduction of capitalist mode of operation provides an important opportunity for the transformation of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.On the other hand,large-scale land release and reclamation,and agricultural commercialization also provide the resource of land and capital for agriculture to be developed urgently.It is in this environment that agricultural companies are established and developed.As far as the region established and developed by agricultural companies is concerned,the northeast region with abundant land resources,Jiangsu and Zhejiang,which have abundant resources in the beach,are the places where it is concentrated.In the development time,agricultural companies rarely appeared before the 20 th century,and in 1901 with the establishment of Tonghai Reclamation Pastoral Corporation as an important node,agricultural companies in the country has a preliminary development.To the early 10's,its number reached more than 100.During this period,agricultural companies in the Northeast also gained initial development.After entering the Republic of China,with the continuous formulation of the government's policy of rewarding industrial,the surge of patriotic thoughts of civil industry and the great powers busy with World War I reducing their economic aggression,the domestic national capitalism has further developed.In this context,agricultural companies have also been relatively fast development.In the case of agricultural companies in the Northeast during this period,not only the number and scale of their previous development,but also with the introduction and cultivation of new agricultural species such as rice,more agricultural companies emerged.However,due to the fierce land merger,the return of the great powers and the military,banditry,natural disasters and other factors,agricultural companies in the Northeast entered the 1920 s gradually came to the verge of stagnation.For the operating characteristics and mode of operation of agricultural companies,most of them are set up by stock-pooling,employed by the way of operation,some agriculturalcompanies also carry out commercial operations and mechanized production.At the same time,agricultural companies as a modern emerging economic organization which is the form of the company as an organization to engage in agricultural production and management.With the continuous advancement of modern corporate legislation,the organization and operation of agricultural companies have been improved to the degree of regulation.Although the development time of agricultural companies in the northeast region of the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China was limited,these agricultural companies took the modern mode of operation as the carrier of the organization to engage in modern agricultural production and management,with certain progress,and their use of stock-gathering methods and employment management forms to absorb a considerable amount of cultivated funds and cultivated labor.The application of mechanization and commodity management also reflect the development trend of modern agriculture,which has made corresponding contributions to the development of reclamation and the evolution of modern agriculture in Northeast China.