| Both the third plenary session of the party’s 18 th national conference and 18 th national conference clearly stated the reform task of improving the socialist deliberative democracy system, which scientific summarized the essential attribute, basic principle,institutional frame and main form of socialist deliberative democracy. Last year, the Party Central Committee timely release "Opinions on Improving Socialist Deliberative Democracy”. These opinions emphasized the socialist deliberative democracy is particular form and unique advantage of socialist democratic politics, promoting deliberative democracy’s extensive multi-institutional development. As the root and source of China’s socialist deliberative democracy and its important systematic support,China’s CPC-led multi-party cooperation and political consultation system should be mainly held and researched. Clarifying the development path, mining the core potential,activating stocks, exploitation and innovation could make it play a better role. It has important theoretical and practical significance that enhancing theory self-confidence,way self-confidence and system self-confidence and then promoting the modernization of national governance systems and governance capacity.This paper attempts to use normative framework of historical institutionalism,reflect on CPC-led multi-party cooperation and political consultation system in a large historical perspective. Upwards to explore the structural factors of the system’s generation — system, interests and ideas and then — trying to demonstrate its generation process. Down to explore its maintaining and changing after its generating and then find out its evolution and the exact reason. Analysis of these two aspects can be made to have inspiration and care for this system’s development.The first part is an introduction. This part briefly introduced background and significance of topics, research results, core concepts and paper’s conception and methodologies. This system is defined as double connotations including both multi-party cooperation system as Party System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Political Consultative system. It presents the existence of this research’s theoretical and practical value.The second part is the research of this system’s generation. With structural analysis of historical institutionalism, the research discussed how complex erection and dynamic structural relationship of the concept, old system, interests, actors and etc.impacted on their generation. Modern foreign party theory and Marx, Engels and Lenin’s multi-party cooperation thoughts are considered to be the theoretical basis of this system’s generation. "Three Thirds System" and former Political Consultative System shaped the system’s framework and formed potential conflict. Finally on key nodes that balance of class forces and revolutionary situation changed, old contradictions exposed, Chinese Communist Party controlled the power advantage and devised a new system meeting the pursuit of interests such as solidarity, democracy and absorbing of elite and etc. This system’s generation is not only the result of the combination of history’s objective generation and subjective rational design, but also the result of the collision and blending of Chinese social tradition and modern Western political current.The third part is the research of system’s change. On the one hand taking system as the independent variable for historical periods, on the other hand taking system as the dependent variable, the environment relationship, attitudes and relationships between behavior and system was analyzed to explore the driving mechanism of changes. This article considers that development history of the system is divided into four periods:period of formation and stabilization(1949-1954), period of wandering and meandering(1954-1976), period of rehabilitation and reconstruction(1976-1989), period of specification and development(1989-now). These changes is mainly because of changes in the socio-economic environment, effect of Harmonious society ideology in China and deliberative democracy concept as well as the understanding and action of the Chinese Communist Party and the democratic parties’ leaders. This research considers that this system self-adjusts continuously with the needs of changing situation and generates self-reinforcing trend.The fourth part is the thinking based on the preceding analysis. This is a summary of the enlightenment significance of growth and evolution to this system’s further development. The structure "multi elements in one body" was proposed to be the development of this system. Both the "Chinese characteristic" and "the world’s characteristic" are the keys to the system’s identity. The unification of value rationalityand instrument rationality is this system’s reform direction. And the continuous innovation ensures this system out of "locking" dilemma of path dependence.Indeed, historical institutionalism method exists defect in lack of accuracy and rigor, but not hinders advantages on the methodology in exploring the generation and change of political systems. This paper tries to use this method to show China’s CPC-led multi-party cooperation and political consultation system comprehensively,factually, clearly and dynamically, thus grasping the focus and direction of this system’s further development and making it play a greater role in the great practice of completing deepens all-round reforms and realizing the Chinese Dream. |
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