On "what Is Socialism" Understanding Of History And Logic Of Unity,

Deferent people have deferent opinions on what is socialism and practise it through deferent way. If we probe into the process of cognition about the question of what is socialism and get correct answer to it, it is importantly useful for our to understand deeply the great meaning of Deng Xiaoping's socialist essence theory and to adhere to the road of Chinese characteristics socialism. Through studing realist capitalist system carefully, Marx and Engles turn unreal socialism into scientific socialism. They described the society characteristics of the future socialism when they criticized the capitalist society evils.those descriptions are logical result. But it is scientific because it bases on scientific coception of history. Although Lenin gave some contributions when he answered the question of how to recognize socialism in those countries whose economic and culture are backward. His cognition base adhered to the characteristics theory, therefore he cognized and built socialism in practice basicaly according to Marx and Engle& imagination and developed some characteristics of socialism at some sides. Stalin imtated indiscriminately the Marx,Engles and Lenin~ s thoughts of socialist characteristics and development roads He looked those characteristics as socialist essence and adhered to it. lie concneted those characteristics in practice and made them into the model of Stalin.he required other socialist countries to copy the model. Althought the Stalin model was useful for some while in history, it harmed much to the socialist movement at last because it losed contact with reality of countrie& productive powers. Mao Zedong realized the malady of socialism early, but he also looked for answer from the Marx and Engles theory of the socialist characteristics as he settled the malady. Therefore Mao made doctranal mistakesand follow the road of the modle theory. Through summarizing histroy experiments, Deng Xiaoping raised the conception of socialist essence step by step. He answered the question of what is socialism in deep sense and raised definitely the theory of socialist essence. 3 The theory of essence breaks through the modle theory and puts productive forces on important position in understanding scientific socialism essence. The raising of joint becoming rich overcomes the defect of socialist basic target that the model theory neglected. The raising of the sociaist essence theory inherits and develops Marx and Engles抰hought about socialist sociaty characterristics, but the essence theory is more beneficial to the development of socialist practice than the characterristics theory. At the same time, the characterristics theory, the modle theory and the essence theory are unified. The three theories make up the unified history process in three periods if we take into acount the development history of the scentific socialism theory and practice.The three stages are both history unification and logical unification.The history unification means the expression process in which the scentific socialism theory and practice make progress deeply and improve step by step.The logical unification means the complete process in which the process of cognition is logical evolution.The important point is the uification of the history and logic.That is to say, the unification is integrated and makes up of the history process of congnition together as to the question of what is socialism.