| Coal occupies the first with 75 per cent of the total energy consumption. Its circulation and consumption play an important role in the development of national economy. The coal is consumed in the procedure of production of big and medium-size cities with advanced industry. This article probes into the trend of the civil coal circulation.The article consists of 4 parts:The 1st part lists basic material of civil coal deposit, supply and demand, including brief introduction of the features and consumption structure of the resource of coal. With development of national economy, the ratio of coal in demand of energy will decline, but the total amount will increase. China is rich in coal deposit, which is distributed mainly over central, west and north region. The specific layout lead to the situation called "Northern Coal Transported to South," "Western coal Transferred to East" and "Central Coal Allocated Around". Seen from the consumption structure and geographical distribution, the demand of coal is concentrated in big and medium-size industries cities.The 2nd part analyses the current situation of coal circulation in big and medium-size cities. Coal as one of main materials for our country, has always been under the strict macro control in production, circulation and consumption from the government. Since the late half year of 1996, the state of supply over demand is sustaining. Although some measures, such as "Double control"(i.e., control of output and reserve), is taken, the level of output and reserve is still keeping high. All enterprises struggle for much more market share at any toss, even by hook or by crook. Without effective macro regulation and control, the aspect out of rule in competition is shaped. Because of the historic burden and practical problems, the strength and market share of most state-owned enterprises decline. They also lost their places as the main channel in coal circulation. The feature of planned economy is gradually ending. With harnessing of environment is strengthened, the structure of energy consumption in big and medium-size cities has been changing once and for ail, but the general amount has been decreasing year by year. At the same time, transportation is also the bottle-neck in coal circulation.The 3rd part forecasts the trend of coal circulation in big and medium-size city. From the view of demand, the amount will increase steadily with the development of national economy, but the ratio in energy consumption will be down. As to supply, the state of over demand will continue for a certain period. The consumption of coal will transfer from the city proper to the countryside. The business body is diversified and the market-oriented pattern is being formed. The new approach of proxy and ration develop rapidly. The transportation aims at erecting comprehensive system and improve the capacity, and being replaced by electricity generated at mine pit. The price will keep downward continuously for a time.The 4th part puts forward a few suggestions about coal circulation. The resource of coal is limited, so the rational utilization and distribution should take the requirement of sustainable development into consideration. The related legal construction must be strengthened, coal resource in exploiting. The technology of coal cleaning ought to be proceeded. "Legal of Coal" should be implemented strictly to make the market behavior be modified, and license institution of coal business be enforced. The body of enterprises is required to satisfy the market. The reform of institution is quite necessary. A certain number of preferential treatment should be given to the state-owned firms to resolve their burden and speed up the steps of adjustment of business scope, so as to reach the diversification of business body and marketedization of coal circulation. The marketing forms of proxy, retail, and networks are urged to be stimulated. The exchange and futures market should be established and operated as soon as possible. The service in circulation, containerized traffi... |
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