| Deng xiaoping, under the guidance of dialectical materialism ,revealed the nature of socialism in a scientific way with a creative application of the following logical ways of thinking:i) the way of rethinking and comparison. In order to explore the nature of socialism, Deng tried to rethink both socialism and capitalism. By rethinking the traditional socialism and comparing the two different economic mechanisms in socialist and capitalist societies, he did away with the misconception in traditional socialist theory that regards plan and market as something relating to the basic system of a society; by comparing the productive relationships and possession forms in socialist and capitalist societies, and by rethinking the "left" and egalitarian view on socialism, he knew clearly the essential difference between the two societies and thus outlined the characteristics and the foundamental priciples of socialism. This rethinking and comparison helped Deng to realize what is not socialism, what is out of accord with socialism and what is to be adhered to in socialism. This understanding is helpful for him in outlining the nature of socialism, for it gberalised his thought and showed him the right and the wrong.ii) The way of being both logical and historical. Deng combined logic with history in theprocess of exploring the nature of socialism. On one hand, he established the basic point for correct understanding of the nature of socialism; he changed the approach of observing and studying by focusing on the practical situation of a culturally and economically backward country which is to build socialism instead of focus on theoretical things; he outlined and described the nature of socialism dynamically by focusing on the national and time features of China and centering on the development of socialism, thus , he succeeded in combining logic with history; On the other hand, logic modified history by leaving aside the non-essential and accidental element in the observation of the nature, which enabled him to focus on the inner, steady and inevitable element in socialist development. In this way, Deng found out the real state that a socialist country should be in from the ideal state of socialist development. And achieved the goal of combining "what it is" with "what it should be" which symbolized the combination of logic with history.iii)me way of advancing from the abstract to the concrete. Deng scientifically established productive force as the starting point for exploring the nature of socialism, which is not only moderately abstract, but also in accord with the requirement of logic. It helped Deng to view the realization of the nature of socialism as a natural and historical process . From this startingpoint and with the help of fairness and efficiency-the logical intermediaries , Deng was able to find the essential element of socialism. Fairness and efficiency as logical intermediaries have the shortcoming of being one-sided and transitional. Only when they are considered as a whole can they rise to the status of being the logical destination. Common weath as the logical destination is the richest in content and can best represent the innate nature of socialism. On this way, Deng got a concrete comprehension of socialist nature by advancing from the logical intermediary to the logical destination.The application these three logical ways is basically a unification of "destruction" and "establishment" .The way of rethinking and comparison plays the role of destruction. It is the enbodyment of Deng's critic thinking and shows his direction in exploring the nature of socialism. The way of being both logical and historical plays the role of "what to establish", which shows Deng's orientation in the exploration and is the enbodyment of his practical thinking. The way of advancing from the abstract to the concrete plays the role of "how to establish" in the process of exploring the nature of socialism. It shows Deng's methods and in-depth in exploring the nature of socialism. |
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