Understanding Of One Aspect Of China's Modernization

Those viewpoints of "Yihetuan" in the history of Chinese thought and culture during the past century , have gone through several biggish repeats ,and twists and turns, but all the viewpoints of "Yihetuan" during different stages have touched two important problems about the process of Chinese modernization: one is about the position and role of Chinese peasants in the process of Chinese modernization, the other is about the relation between the western capitalist civilization and Chinese modernization. The repeats around these two problems have unfolded the complicated process of Chinese modernization during the past century from indirect sources. This paper analyses and discusses the changes of viewpoints of "Yihetuan" during all the stages, thereby we can understand the process of 20th Chinese modernization from indirect sources.The thesis is departed into five parts. The first section are two different opinions of "Yihetuan" : "Xiangtuan" and "Quanfei", which show queen party and king party's different answers within Qing-govemment, and signify they having no alternative of china being involved in western capitalist civilization and being compelled to modernize. The second section are the disputes between reformist and revolutionist group about reform and revolution, thereby their different opinions of "Yihetuan": "savage action" and "savage revolution", and their vague understanding of Chinese modernization, which all illustrate that Chinese modernization still remains a preliminary stage. The third section is two different viewpoint of "Yihetuan": "the symbol of feudal uncivilized superstitions" and "the anti-imperialist and patriotic revolution", which arise from New Culture Movement to the deeper grip of national crisis. The Liberalists and Marxists in this term had recognized the duality of peasants in the process of Chinese modernization and of the influence that western capitalist civilization had imposed on Chinese modernization, which had provided the possibility of theoretical basis and advancement for the development of modernization .The fourth section analyses the "Yihetuan" myth of "anti-capitalist ,anti-feudal and anti-revisionist forerunner" after the national reconstruction, which had denied western capitalist civilization completely in one hand, and raised the role and position of peasants in the process of modernization unlimitedly in the other hand, and made the recognition of modernization go to another extreme and modernity be at a standstill ,even retrogress. The fifth section analyses the "disenchantment" of the "Yihetuan" myth and the deepening of the cognition of "Yihetuan", and China begins to adopt object attitudes towards western capitalist civilization and duality of peasants in the process of modernization. From then on, Chinese modernization has gotten into a stage of stable development.